Metadata-based image watermarking for copyright protection

Huang, Hsiang Cheh; Fang, Wai-Chi

doi:10.1016/j.simpat.2009.09.004

Cited by 88 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…12, and use different weighting factors in different rounds for producing predicted image After calculating the difference between predicted and original image in Eqs. (9) and (10), histogram of D(k) can be obtained. We set EL=15 in the first round, and then r em ¼ 15 2 Ä Å ¼ 7.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Block-based reversible data hiding with multi-round estimation and difference alteration

Chen¹,

Huang

Lin

2015

Multimed Tools Appl

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In this paper, we propose a new algorithm in reversible data hiding, with the characteristics of ease of implementation, based on the alteration of difference values relating to original image. Three major categories can make reversible data hiding possible, one is to modify the histogram of original images, the second is to alter the difference between neighboring pixels, and the third is to apply prediction method to modify the difference between original and predicted pixels. By integrating the advantages from the these categories, and by extending the flexibility to acquire the difference values for data hiding, we employ the block-based, multi-round prediction to look for enhanced performances. Simulations with conventional and medical images have presented the superiority with our algorithm over existing ones in literature. With our algorithm, enhanced amount of capacity, in addition to the better image quality, and most important of all, the reversibility of algorithm, can be reached. It is also famous for its ease of implementation for medical applications in hospitals.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, difference histogram corresponding to original image D(k) can be calculated with Eqs. (9) and (10). By adding back the difference values, original image X(i, j) can be recovered.…”

Section: Proposed Algorithm and One Examplementioning

confidence: 99%

Block-based reversible data hiding with multi-round estimation and difference alteration

Chen¹,

Huang

Lin

2015

Multimed Tools Appl

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“…Metadata selain dapat digunakan sebagai perlindungan hak cipta citra digital, juga dapat digunakan sebagai alat bukti di persidangan. Karena didalamnya tersimpan semua informasi data citra digital tersebut (Huang & Fang, 2010).…”

Section: Tinjauan Pustakaunclassified

Optimalisasi Penyusutan Exif Metadata Dengan Teknik Substitusi Null Value Pada Kasus Keamanan Citra Digital

Wijayanto

Prabowo

Harsadi

2018

JIS

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Data and information security technique is a way to keep an object confidential. eXchangable Image File Format (EXIF) Metadata is data information about digital image. In the digital forensic investigation, this is very useful I. PENDAHULUANCitra digital merupakan salah satu jenis barang bukti digital yang memiliki tingkat resiko manipulasi dan kehilangan informasi yang sangat tinggi. Data citra digital (metadata) memiliki informasi yang sangat kompleks, meliputi informasi perangkat pengambilan gambar sampai dengan waktu kapan diambil (Zhou et al., 2016). Sehingga dapat dikatakan metadata citra digital tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai hak cipta. Dalam ranah digital forensik, selain konten citra, metadata dapat digunakan sebagai barang bukti digital di persidangan. Mudahnya manipulasi dari sisi metadata dan konten citra inilah yang menjadi celah untuk melemahkan kedudukan citra digital sebagai alat bukti di persidangan.Banyak sekali cara untuk mengamankan metadata, mulai dari teknik steganografi, kriptografi sampai dengan watermarking. Kombinasi pengamanan eXchangable Image File Format (EXIF) metadata dengan teknik steganografi dan kriptografi juga telah dilakukan penelitian dengan hasil hampir sempurna dalam mengamankan metadata citra digital. Hal ini disebabkan antara citra digital asli, citra digital setelah dienkripsi, dan citra digital setelah dilakukan dekripsi, memiliki nilai histogram sama, serta dapat mengamankan keseluruhan metadata. Akan tetapi dalam penelitian tersebut, ukuran citra digital mengalami penyusutan sebesar -25.15%, sehingga hanya dapat digunakan sebagai perlindungan hak cipta citra digital saja. Untuk dapat digunakan sebagai perlindungan barang bukti digital, nilai hashing citra asli dan citra setelah dekripsi harus sama (Wijayanto et al., 2016).Penyusutan dalam penelitian tersebut dikarenakan perbedaan tipe header metadata citra asli dengan citra setelah dekripsi, yaitu eXchangable Image File Format (EXIF) menjadi JPEG File Interchange Format (JFIF) (Wijayanto et al., 2016). Ini disebabkan

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“…The other one is the verification algorithm, which is executed by a verifier to check whether the outsourced file is kept intact. Huang and Fang [3] proposed a practical application for copyright protection of images with watermarking by using the EXIF metadata of images and error-control codes are integrated into the algorithm and corresponding applications, Huang and Fang focused on the copyright protection for images taken by ordinary cameras by use of robust watermarking, it generally alters selected coefficients of the contents to accomplish the embedding process for robust watermarking is one of the major branches in digital rights management (DRM) systems and digital forensics. Krishnappa and Turner [4] described a software system that was built to successfully manage a large behavioral camera trap study that produced more than a million photographs and the software system has the ability to automatically extract metadata from images, and add customized metadata to the images in a standardized format.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Algorithm of Intrusion Detection Systems by Using the Images Metadata to Detect Electronic Crime in Cloud Computing

Al-Ani

Al-Khanjari²,

Kalash³

et al. 2016

IJSEIA

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Metadata-based image watermarking for copyright protection

Cited by 88 publications

References 9 publications

Block-based reversible data hiding with multi-round estimation and difference alteration

Block-based reversible data hiding with multi-round estimation and difference alteration

Optimalisasi Penyusutan Exif Metadata Dengan Teknik Substitusi Null Value Pada Kasus Keamanan Citra Digital

Novel Algorithm of Intrusion Detection Systems by Using the Images Metadata to Detect Electronic Crime in Cloud Computing

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