Metacognitive therapy for body dysmorphic disorder patients in Iran: Acceptability and proof of concept

Rabiei, Mehdi; Mulkens, Sandra; Kalantari, Mehrdad; Molavi, Hossein; Bahrami, Fatemeh

doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.09.013

Cited by 61 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…As predicted by model of the study, researchers have consistently found that BDD is characterized by a heightened subjective experience of worry as an uncontrollable process and any efforts at control prove futile and unproductive. Despite their acknowledged inability to control worry, it is interesting that individuals with BDD are highly invested in continuing with their efforts toward gaining control over worry and unwanted repetitive thoughts [4] [5] [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It assesses BDD-related preoccupations, repetitive behaviors, insight, and avoidance. The reliability and validity of the BDD-YBOCS Farsi version version was demonstrated by Rabiei et al [4] in both healthy and clinical samples. The alpha coefficients ranged from 0.78 to 0.93 for the BDD-YBOCS total score and for its subscales (preoccupations, repetitive behaviors).…”

Section: Yale-brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Modified For Body Dysmmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…In order to obtain adequate face validity, a pool of items were used to construct BDMS from the data obtained in an earlier study (Rabiei et al, 2012) and transcripts of therapy sessions. The five factors identified (accounting for 83.8 % of variance) reflected the following domains: 1) metacognitive control strategies; 2) thought-fusion; 3) positive metacognitive beliefs about emotional self-regulation; 4) positive metacognitive beliefs about cognitive self-regulation; 5) negative metacognitive beliefs about cognitive harm and uncontrollability.…”

Section: Body Dysmorphic Metacognitive Scale (Bdmcs; Rabiei) [5]mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their findings support the effectiveness of both types of therapy, but suggest that cognitive-behavioural treatment (CBT) may be the most useful in the long term. Also, Rabiei et al [4] reported that MCT was an effective treatment for BDD, with effects being somewhat more pronounced on Thought-Fusion symptoms than on BDD symptoms. MCT deals with the way patients with BDD think and it assumes that the problem rests with inflexible and recurrent styles of thinking in response to negative thoughts, feelings and beliefs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They propose that psychological disturbance is maintained by a combination of perseverative thinking styles, maladaptive attentional routines, and dysfunctional behaviors. The S-REF theory has led to the development of disorder-specific models of [8], generalised anxiety disorder [7], obsessive-compulsive disorder [3], post-traumatic stress disorder [6] and body dismorphic disorder [4]. Cooper and Osman [9] suggest that patients with BDD do indeed engage in metacognitive processing in relation to their concerns with appearance.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Develop and Validate a Metacognitive-Cognitive-Behavioral Model for Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Donyavi¹,

Rabiei²,

Nikfarjam³

et al. 2015

OJMP

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How to cite this paper: Donyavi, V., Rabiei, M., Nikfarjam, M. and Rahnejat, A.M. (2015) AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop and validate a metacognitive-cognitive-behavioral model for body dysmorphic disorder. A sample of 800 participants (400 males and 400 females) was selected randomly and questionnaires were administered to them. Structure analysis was used to test the factor structure validity of the metacognitive-cognitive-behavioral model for body dysmorphic disorder. Results of the structure analysis revealed and supported a metacognitive-cognitivebehavioral model for body dysmorphic disorder. Also, the results showed that the model had the best fit to the data and was closely related to the theoretical assumptions. The model presented in this study illustrates a multidimensional approach that the model focuses on the metacognitivecognitive-behavioral dimensions; hence, the model presented in this study is a new explanatory model. The model may prompt future research into body dysmorphic disorder and facilitate clinical treatment and case formulation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Yale-brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Modified For Body Dysmmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Body Dysmorphic Metacognitive Scale (Bdmcs; Rabiei) [5]mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Develop and Validate a Metacognitive-Cognitive-Behavioral Model for Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Donyavi¹,

Rabiei²,

Nikfarjam³

et al. 2015

OJMP

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Identifying Efficacious Treatment Elements for Refractory Conditions, Such as Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Mennin

2019

JAMA Psychiatry

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Over the past 40 years, considerable evidence has accumulated in support of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for various mental health disorders. Cognitive behavioral therapy has demonstrated efficacy on par with medication, significantly augmenting it and surpassing its durability. 1,2 Despite this strong record, efficacy may be weaker if refractory elements (eg, rumination in patients with major depression) are not specifically targeted, 3 and although no other psychosocial treatment has been studied as rigorously as CBT, a number of trials failed to include important high-quality indicators reflecting this rigor (eg, randomization, an active comparator, fidelity and integrity analyses, consideration of participant dropouts), and those that do demonstrate smaller effect sizes. 1 Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a refractory condition that involves the propensity to imagine or exaggerate a bodily flaw and go to great lengths to hide this perceived flaw. Although also associated with social anxiety, it has recently been classified within the obsessive-compulsive spectrum, given a number of studies that demonstrate overlap with OCD, including shared phenomenology manifested as intrusive cognitive characteristics and ritualistic efforts to control exposure of perceived flaws, as well as the preoccupation with the flaws themselves. 4 Although not highly prevalent (in that point prevalence is approximately 2.4% 4 ), it is typically quite debilitating, with a long-term course, lowered quality of life, and considerable suicidal ideation (80%) and attempt rates (25%). 4 Despite this, to date and to my knowledge, there has been a paucity of pharmacotherapy trials. Psychosocial trials, while more numerous, have been uneven in rigor, with particular limitations in randomization, manualization, active-comparator usage, and specification to BDD phenomena. 4,5

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Efficacy and Posttreatment Effects of Therapist-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy vs Supportive Psychotherapy for Adults With Body Dysmorphic Disorder

et al. 2019

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IMPORTANCE Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), the best-studied treatment for body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), has to date not been compared with therapist-delivered supportive psychotherapy, the most commonly received psychosocial treatment for BDD. OBJECTIVE To determine whether CBT for BDD (CBT-BDD) is superior to supportive psychotherapy in reducing BDD symptom severity and associated BDD-related insight, depressive symptoms, functional impairment, and quality of life, and whether these effects are durable. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This randomized clinical trial conducted at Massachusetts General Hospital and Rhode Island Hospital recruited adults with BDD between October 24, 2011, and July 7, 2016. Participants (n = 120) were randomized to the CBT-BDD arm (n = 61) or the supportive psychotherapy arm (n = 59). Weekly treatments were administered at either hospital for 24 weeks, followed by 3-and 6-month follow-up assessments. Measures were administered by blinded independent raters. Intention-to-treat statistical analyses were performed from February 9, 2017, to September 22, 2018. INTERVENTIONS Cognitive behavioral therapy for BDD, a modular skills-based treatment, addresses the unique symptoms of the disorder. Supportive psychotherapy is a nondirective therapy that emphasizes the therapeutic relationship and self-esteem; supportive psychotherapy was enhanced with BDD-specific psychoeducation and treatment rationale. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was BDD symptom severity measured by the change in score on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Modified for BDD from baseline to end of treatment. Secondary outcomes were the associated symptoms and these were assessed using the

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Metacognitive therapy for body dysmorphic disorder patients in Iran: Acceptability and proof of concept

Cited by 61 publications

References 21 publications

Develop and Validate a Metacognitive-Cognitive-Behavioral Model for Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Develop and Validate a Metacognitive-Cognitive-Behavioral Model for Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Identifying Efficacious Treatment Elements for Refractory Conditions, Such as Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Efficacy and Posttreatment Effects of Therapist-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy vs Supportive Psychotherapy for Adults With Body Dysmorphic Disorder

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