Metacognitive deficits in categorization tasks in a population with impaired inner speech

Langland‐Hassan, Peter; Gauker, Christopher; Richardson, Michael J.; Dietz, Aimee; Faries, Frank R.

doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2017.10.004

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 47 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It is suggested that because of the deactivation, persons with trauma exhibit their emotions physically but not orally, McFarlane, & Weisaeth, 1996). A recent neuropsychological study indicated that patients with poststroke Broca's aphasia had deficits in "inner speech," and suggested that this impairment could affect metacognitive function (Langland-Hassan, Gauker, Richardson, Dietz, & Faries, 2017), an assertion endorsed by recent a meta-analysis (Vaccaro & Fleming, 2018). Inner speech has also been reported to play an important role in bringing thought to consciousness (Feinberg, Gonzalez Rothi, & Heilman, 1986;Morin, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The neural correlates of “mind blanking”: When the mind goes away

Kawagoe

Onoda

Yamaguchi

2019

Human Brain Mapping

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mind blanking (MB) is the state where our minds are seemingly “nowhere,” and attention calls no perceptual input into conscious awareness. It is little investigated, perhaps partly because it is difficult to detect the mysterious periods of blanking. In this study, we found that our participants could intentionally produce a state of MB whose neural correlates were deactivation of Broca's area and parts of the default mode network (namely, the hippocampus) which would be active during mind wandering (MW), in addition to activity in another region in the default mode network (namely, anterior cingulate cortex). Because the behavioral finding replicates a previous report of ours, we suggest that the simple instructions that we used to induce MB should be effective. From the neuroimaging data, we conclude that we cannot define the content of our thoughts during MB because our inner speech system does not work at that time. Another possibility is that we actually think of nothing in the MB state. Although more sophisticated studies would be needed to uncover the mechanism of such a phenomenon, the present study provides a methodology and clues for understanding MB and related concepts such as MW, awareness, and metacognitive ability.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The neural correlates of “mind blanking”: When the mind goes away

Kawagoe

Onoda

Yamaguchi

2019

Human Brain Mapping

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition to facilitating abstract thought, it has been proposed that languagesometimes in the form of "inner speech"-also supports increased levels of self-awareness (Carruthers, 2018;Morin, 2009), more accurate self-monitoring (Alderson-Day & Fernyhough, 2015;Jones & Fernyhough, 2007), and better and more comprehensive knowledge of one's own mental states (Bermudez, 2018;Carruthers, 2011;Clark, 1998;Langland-Hassan, 2014), including abstract concepts in particular (Borghi, 2020). An earlier study found preliminary evidence that on-line language use (in the form of inner speech) is an important resource for metacognitive self-assessments with respect to abstract categorizations (Langland-Hassan et al, 2017). To investigate this possible link, we included a second prompt on the main experimental stimuli querying participants' confidence in their responses.…”

Section: Assessing the Relation Of Abstract Thought And Metacognition To Language: Aims And Predictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On this view, someone lacking language could think all the same thoughts as a fluent speaker without being able to put their thoughts into words-not even "in their head," as inner speech. Recently, however, a competing hypothesis sees language as not only a vehicle for communicating thoughts but as a resource that supports or enables certain forms of thought (Binder, Westbury, McKiernan, Possing, & Medler, 2005;Borghi et al, 2017;Condry & Spelke, 2008;Dove, 2014;Langland-Hassan, Gauker, Richardson, Dietz, & Faries, 2017;Lupyan & Bergen, 2016;Wang, Conder, Blitzer, & Shinkareva, 2010;Yee, 2019). In particular, language is seen by many as a crucial support or tool for abstract thought (Borghi et al, 2017;Boroditsky, 2001;Davis & Yee, 2019;Thibodeau, Hendricks, & Boroditsky, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing abstract thought and its relation to language with a new nonverbal paradigm: Evidence from aphasia

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In recent years, language has been shown to play a number of important cognitive roles over and above the communication of thoughts. One hypothesis gaining support is that language facilitates thought about abstract categories, such as democracy or prediction. To test this proposal, a novel set of semantic memory task trials, designed for assessing abstract thought nonlinguistically, were normed for levels of abstractness. The trials were rated as more or less abstract to the degree that answering them required the participant to abstract away from both perceptual features and common setting associations corresponding to the target image. The normed materials were then used with a population of people with aphasia to assess the relationship of abstract thought to language. While the language-impaired group with aphasia showed lower overall accuracy and longer response times than controls in general, of special note is that their response times were significantly longer as a function of a trial's degree of abstractness. Further, the aphasia group's response times in reporting their degree of confidence (a separate, metacognitive measure) were negatively correlated with their language production abilities, with lower language scores predicting longer metacognitive response times. These results provide some support for the hypothesis that language is an important aid to abstract thought and to metacognition about abstract thought.

show abstract

“…This metacognitive ability in turn contributes to our taking perspectives on self and others and to generate self-knowledge. It has thus been suggested that inner speech fosters metacognition (Vygotsky, 1934/1986; Carruthers, 2002; Clark, 2002; Martínez-Manrique and Vicente, 2010; Jackendoff, 2011; Langland-Hassan et al, 2017), self-regulation and self-motivation (Hardy, 2006; Clowes, 2007), and self-awareness (Peirce, 1934; Vygotsky, 1934/1986; Ricœur, 1990; Dennett, 1991; Merleau-Ponty, 1948/2002; Wiley, 2006b; Morin et al, 2011; Wilkinson and Fernyhough, 2017). This diversity of uses comes with a plurality of forms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ConDialInt Model: Condensation, Dialogality, and Intentionality Dimensions of Inner Speech Within a Hierarchical Predictive Control Framework

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Inner speech has been shown to vary in form along several dimensions. Along condensation, condensed inner speech forms have been described, that are supposed to be deprived of acoustic, phonological and even syntactic qualities. Expanded forms, on the other extreme, display articulatory and auditory properties. Along dialogality, inner speech can be monologal, when we engage in internal soliloquy, or dialogal, when we recall past conversations or imagine future dialogs involving our own voice as well as that of others addressing us. Along intentionality, it can be intentional (when we deliberately rehearse material in short-term memory) or it can arise unintentionally (during mind wandering). We introduce the ConDialInt model, a neurocognitive predictive control model of inner speech that accounts for its varieties along these three dimensions. ConDialInt spells out the condensation dimension by including inhibitory control at the conceptualization, formulation or articulatory planning stage. It accounts for dialogality, by assuming internal model adaptations and by speculating on neural processes underlying perspective switching. It explains the differences between intentional and spontaneous varieties in terms of monitoring. We present an fMRI study in which we probed varieties of inner speech along dialogality and intentionality, to examine the validity of the neuroanatomical correlates posited in ConDialInt. Condensation was also informally tackled. Our data support the hypothesis that expanded inner speech recruits speech production processes down to articulatory planning, resulting in a predicted signal, the inner voice, with auditory qualities. Along dialogality, covertly using an avatar’s voice resulted in the activation of right hemisphere homologs of the regions involved in internal own-voice soliloquy and in reduced cerebellar activation, consistent with internal model adaptation. Switching from first-person to third-person perspective resulted in activations in precuneus and parietal lobules. Along intentionality, compared with intentional inner speech, mind wandering with inner speech episodes was associated with greater bilateral inferior frontal activation and decreased activation in left temporal regions. This is consistent with the reported subjective evanescence and presumably reflects condensation processes. Our results provide neuroanatomical evidence compatible with predictive control and in favor of the assumptions made in the ConDialInt model.

show abstract

Metacognitive deficits in categorization tasks in a population with impaired inner speech

Cited by 16 publications

References 47 publications

The neural correlates of “mind blanking”: When the mind goes away

The neural correlates of “mind blanking”: When the mind goes away

Assessing abstract thought and its relation to language with a new nonverbal paradigm: Evidence from aphasia

The ConDialInt Model: Condensation, Dialogality, and Intentionality Dimensions of Inner Speech Within a Hierarchical Predictive Control Framework

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About