Metacognitive beliefs mediate the effect of emotional abuse on depressive and psychotic symptoms in severe mental disorders

Østefjells, Tiril; Lystad, June Ullevoldsæter; Berg, Akiah Ottesen; Hagen, Roger; Loewy, Rachel; Sandvik, Leiv; Melle, Ingrid; Røssberg, Jan Ivar

doi:10.1017/s0033291717000848

Cited by 28 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…Current findings, together with the fact that ranges of MCQ measures when given were broad, suggest that dysfunctional metacognitions could develop at an early age. This is consistent with findings that suggest there may be childhood factors that lead to vulnerability to the development of these metacognitions, such as early experiences of emotional abuse (e.g., Myers and Wells, 2015; Østefjells et al, 2017) and parenting style (Gallagher and Cartwright-Hatton, 2008; Spada et al, 2012; Lønfeldt et al, 2017b).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

The Metacognitions Questionnaire and Its Derivatives in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Psychometric Properties

2019

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Background: The Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ) and its derivatives have been instrumental in research examining the Self-Regulatory Executive Function Model in adults. Studies testing whether findings are applicable to children and adolescents have been increasing and several different measures adapting the MCQ for younger populations have been developed. The current study aimed to systematically review the psychometric properties of MCQ measures or derivatives used in young people (aged 18 or less), to help assess current findings in this population and to guide future research in this growing area of investigation.Method: Systematic searches were carried out on PubMed and PsycINFO of studies published up to June 2018. Additional studies were identified through Google Scholar and article references. Validity, reliability, range and responsiveness of measures were examined as well as analyses of age and gender differences on scores.Results: Forty-five articles were identified. The total sample consisted of 7,803 children and adolescents (6,922 non-clinical, 881 clinical) aged 7–18. Studies used one of seven versions of the questionnaire, five adapted from the MCQ for younger populations: (1) The Metacognitions Questionnaire-Adolescent version; (2) The Metacognitions Questionnaire-Child version; (3) The Metacognitions Questionnaire-Child Version-Revised; (4) The Metacognitions Questionnaire-Child-30; and (5) The Metacognitions Questionnaire-65 Positive Beliefs Scale Revised; and two adult versions used without adaptation: (1) The Metacognitions Questionnaire-30 and (2) The Cognitive Self Consciousness Scale-Expanded. The validity and reliability of the Metacognitions Questionnaire-Adolescent version had the most extensive support. Other questionnaires had either mixed psychometrics or promising initial findings but more limited data.Conclusions: It is recommended that studies using adolescents (age 12–18) consider using the Metacognitions Questionnaire-Adolescent version. Based on initial data, it is suggested studies using younger populations should consider the Metacognitions Questionnaire-Child-30 but further psychometric research into this and other measures is needed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

The Metacognitions Questionnaire and Its Derivatives in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Psychometric Properties

2019

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“…Thus, the risk of PTSD (and other internalizing psychiatric disorders) may not only be predicted by the quantity and quality of traumatic exposure(s), but also by when in the developmental period these events occurred. The experience of trauma in childhood, in particular, can influence the development of negative schemas about the self, others, and the world (Beck, 2008;Jacobs, Reinecke, Gollan, & Kane, 2008), which ultimately increase vulnerability to disorders such as depression, anxiety, and PTSD (Ostefjells et al, 2017). Explaining sex differences in risk of developing certain psychiatric disorders are, however, a complex and sensitive issue, and almost certainly encompass many interacting evolutionary, biological, psychological, social, and methodological factors (Olff, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Females have more complex patterns of childhood adversity: implications for mental, social, and emotional outcomes in adulthood

Haahr-Pedersen

Perera

Hyland

et al. 2020

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been identified as an important public health problem with serious implications. Less well understood is how distinct configurations of childhood adversities carry differential risks for mental health, emotional, and social outcomes later in life. Objective: To determine if distinct profiles of childhood adversities exist for males and females and to examine if unique associations exist between the resultant latent profiles of childhood adversities and multiple indicators of mental health and social and emotional wellbeing in adulthood. Method: Participants (N = 1,839) were a nationally representative household sample of adults currently residing in the USA and the data were collected via online self-report questionnaires. Latent class analysis was used to identify the optimal number of classes to explain ACE co-occurrence among males and females, separately. ANOVAs, chi-square tests, and t-tests were used to compare male and female classes across multiple mental health, emotional, and social wellbeing variables in adulthood. Results: Females were significantly more likely than males to report a range of ACEs and mental health, social, and emotional difficulties in adulthood. Two-and four-class models were identified as the best fit for males and females, respectively, indicating more complexity and variation in ACE exposures among females. For males and female, ACEs were strongly associated with poorer mental health, emotional, and social outcomes in adulthood. Among females, growing up in a dysfunctional home environment was a significant risk factor for adverse social outcomes in adulthood. Conclusions: Males and females have distinct patterns of childhood adversities, with females experiencing more complex and varied patterns of childhood adversity. These patterns of ACEs were associated with numerous negative mental, emotional, and social outcomes among both sexes.

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“…Other groups have also reported that social support may be protective and interventions targeting enhancing social support may decrease disease vulnerability and improve illness course [179]. Metacognitive beliefs, or beliefs about one's own cognition, are suggested to mediate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and mood-related and positive symptoms in individuals with psychotic or bipolar disorder [180]. Specifically, beliefs about thoughts being uncontrollable/dangerous mediated the relationship between emotional abuse and depression/anxiety and positive symptoms subscale scores on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).…”

Section: Pathways To Mood Disorder Outcomes-more Work On Mechanisms Amentioning

confidence: 99%

The Devastating Clinical Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect: Increased Disease Vulnerability and Poor Treatment Response in Mood Disorders

Lippard

Nemeroff

2020

AJP

329

180

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A large body of evidence has demonstrated that exposure to childhood maltreatment at any stage of development can have long-lasting consequences. It is associated with a marked increase in risk for psychiatric and medical disorders. This review summarizes the literature investigating the effects of childhood maltreatment on disease vulnerability for mood disorders, specifically summarizing cross-sectional and more recent longitudinal studies that demonstrate childhood maltreatment is more prevalent and associated with increased risk for first mood episode, episode recurrence, greater comorbidities, and increased risk for suicidal ideation and attempts in individuals with mood disorders. It summarizes the persistent alterations associated with childhood maltreatment, including alterations in the HPA axis and inflammatory cytokines, which may contribute to disease vulnerability and a more pernicious disease course. We discuss several candidate genes and environmental factors, for example alcohol/substance use, that may alter disease vulnerability and illness course and neurobiological associations that may mediate these relationships following childhood maltreatment. Studies provide insight into modifiable mechanisms and provide direction to improve both treatment and prevention strategies. "It is not the bruises on the body that hurt. It is the wounds of the heart and the scars on the mind."

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Metacognitive beliefs mediate the effect of emotional abuse on depressive and psychotic symptoms in severe mental disorders

Cited by 28 publications

References 71 publications

The Metacognitions Questionnaire and Its Derivatives in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Psychometric Properties

The Metacognitions Questionnaire and Its Derivatives in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Psychometric Properties

Females have more complex patterns of childhood adversity: implications for mental, social, and emotional outcomes in adulthood

The Devastating Clinical Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect: Increased Disease Vulnerability and Poor Treatment Response in Mood Disorders

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