Metacognition, metamemory, and mindreading in high-functioning adults with autism spectrum disorder.

Abstract

(2014). Metacognition, metamemory, and mindreading in high-functioning adults with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 123 650-659.

Self-referential memory in autism spectrum disorder and typical development: Exploring the ownership effect

“…However, it is not the first time that individuals with ASD have been shown to report high levels of self-awareness despite showing diminished performance on an experimental measure of such self-awareness (e.g. Grainger, Williams, & Lind, 2014b). This may imply that diminished self-awareness in this disorder is manifested in inaccurate self-report on questionnaire measures, or it may imply that experimental measures of self-awareness do not tap the same forms of awareness that individuals with this disorder report having.…”

“…Similarly, children with ASD show a greater degree of impairment on "self-versions" of classic theory of mind tasks, in which they are required to recognise mental states, such as beliefs and intentions, in themselves (e.g. Williams & Happé, 2009; see also Grainger, Williams, & Lind, 2014b). Arguably, this all suggests that awareness of more psychological aspects of self may be diminished in ASD (Williams, 2010;Uddin, 2011).…”

Metacognitive Awareness of Facial Affect in Higher-Functioning Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder

“…While the initial studies in this area examined metacognition in participants with ASD and a comorbid intellectual disability (e.g., Farrant et al 1999a, b), more recent studies have examined metacognition in higher-functioning individuals with ASD (Grainger et al 2014; Sawyer et al 2014; Wilkinson et al 2010; Wojcik et al 2011, 2013; 2014). …”

“…Several of these recent studies examine metacognition in response to nonsocial stimuli in higher-functioning individuals with ASD, with some studies suggesting intact metacognition (Wojcik et al 2011, 2013, 2014) and other studies suggesting impaired metacognition (Grainger et al 2014; Wojcik et al 2013). For example, Wojcik et al (2011) administered a series of tasks that involved following instruction sequences to higher-functioning children and adolescents with and without ASD.…”

Disentangling signal and noise in autism spectrum disorder

“…Additionally, one should expect less trial-by-trial fluctuations in confidence according to the current proposal. However, simple confidence measures may not be able to satisfactorily answer these questions, given that (1) they provide one measure for something (posterior) that takes place on multiple hierarchical levels, (2) they might be affected by (executive) post-perceptual processes, and (3) they require the capacity to explicitly reflect on one's own thought processes (explicit metacognition), which may be particularly deficient in ASD (Grainger, Williams, & Lind, 2014).…”