Metacognition in schizophrenia disorders: Comparisons with community controls and bipolar disorder: Replication with a Spanish language Chilean sample

Abstract

Metacognition refers to the activities which allow for the availability of a sense of oneself and others in the moment. Research mostly in North America with English-speaking samples has suggested that metacognitive deficits are present in schizophrenia and are closely tied to negative symptoms. Thus, replication is needed in other cultures and groups. The present study accordingly sought to replicate these findings in a Spanish speaking sample from Chile. Metacognition and symptoms were assessed among 26 patients with schizophrenia, 26 with bipolar disorder and 36 community members without serious mental illness. ANCOVA controlling for age and education revealed that the schizophrenia group had greater levels of metacognitive deficits than the bipolar disorder and community control groups. Differences in metacognition between the clinical groups persisted after controlling for symptom levels. Spearman correlations revealed a unique pattern of associations of metacognition with negative and cognitive symptoms. Results largely support previous findings and provide added evidence of the metacognitive deficits present in schizophrenia and the link to outcome cross culturally. Implications for developing metacognitively oriented interventions are discussed.

Metacognição no transtorno bipolar: uma revisão sistemática

“…A maioria dos estudos [44][45][46][51][52][53] utilizou alguma escala de avaliação da metacognição. Quatro estudos 45,[51][52][53] utilizaram o Metacognitions Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30) 54 .…”

“…Três estudos [44][45][46] utilizaram o Metacognition Assessment Scale-Abbreviated (MAS-A) 55 . O MAS-A foi adaptado com base no instrumento original: a Metacognitive Assessment Scale 56 .…”

“…Seis estudos 44,45,[51][52][53]57 compararam bipolares com controles em relação à metacognição. Cinco deles 45,[51][52][53]57 encontraram que bipolares tinham menos capacidade metacognitiva do que controles.…”

“…Cinco deles 45,[51][52][53]57 encontraram que bipolares tinham menos capacidade metacognitiva do que controles. O outro 44 não encontrou diferença quanto à capacidade metacognitiva entre bipolares e controles.…”

“…A relação entre metacognição e sintomas de excitação foi avaliada por um estudo 44 que encontrou que menor capacidade metacognitiva estava relacionada a maior presença de sintomas de excitação. Por sua vez, outro estudo 53 relatou que menor capacidade metacognitiva estava relacionada a maior presença de sintomas maníacos.…”