Metabotropic glutamate receptors 2 and 3 expressed by astrocytes in rat ventrobasal thalamus

Mineff, E.M; Valtschanoff, Juli G.

doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(99)00484-x

Cited by 44 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Perisynaptic astrocytes express the glutamate transporter and also contain the enzymes required for conversion of glutamate to glutamine, which is required for glutamate synthesis (Sonnewald et al, 1997;Hertz et al, 1999). Thus, astrocytic CB1R in the CPN may play a role similar to that previously suggested for glial metabotropic glutamate receptors in other brain regions, mediating specific neuron-glia interactions (Mineff and Valtschanoff, 1999). The endogenous cannabinoids may, in fact, be derived from glutamatergic corticostriatal neurons (Cadas et al, 1996), accounting for the presence of CB1R and metabotropic glutamate receptors on glial processes near excitatory-type synapses.…”

Section: Cb1r In Perisynaptic and Perivascular Gliamentioning

confidence: 76%

Ultrastructural Localization of the CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor in μ-Opioid Receptor Patches of the Rat Caudate Putamen Nucleus

2001

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Cannabinoids and opioids are widely consumed drugs of abuse that produce motor depression, in part via respective activation of the cannabinoid subtype 1 receptor (CB1R) and the -opioid receptor (OR), in the striatal circuitry originating in the caudate putamen nucleus (CPN). Thus, the CB1R and OR may show similar targeting in the CPN. To test this hypothesis, we examined the electron microscopic immunocytochemical labeling of CB1R and OR in CPN patches of rat brain. Of the CB1R-labeled profiles, 34% (588) were dendrites, presumably arising from spiny as well as aspiny-type somata, which also contained CB1R immunoreactivity. In dendrites, CB1R often was localized to nonsynaptic and synaptic plasma membranes, particularly near asymmetric excitatory-type junctions. Almost one-half of the CB1R-labeled dendrites contained OR immunoreactivity, whereas only 20% of all OR-labeled dendrites expressed CB1R. Axons and axon terminals as well as abundant glial processes also showed plasmalemmal CB1R and were mainly without OR immunoreactivity. Many CB1R-labeled axon terminals were small and without recognizable synaptic junctions, but a few also formed asymmetric, or more rarely symmetric, synapses. The CB1R-labeled glial processes were often perivascular or perisynaptic, surrounding asymmetric excitatory-type axospinous synapses. Our results show that in CPN patches CB1R and OR are targeted strategically to some of the same postsynaptic neurons, which may account for certain similarities in motor function. Furthermore, they also provide evidence that CB1R may play a major role in the modulation of presynaptic transmitter release and glial functions that are unaffected in large part by opioids active at OR in CPN.

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Section: Cb1r In Perisynaptic and Perivascular Gliamentioning

confidence: 76%

Ultrastructural Localization of the CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor in μ-Opioid Receptor Patches of the Rat Caudate Putamen Nucleus

2001

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“…Whereas glial cells communicate with each another and with neurons through signal molecules rather than via electrical flows, their signalling systems have much in common with those of neurons, although some are specialized for glia-glia and glia-neuron interactions (Fields and Stevens-Graham 2002;Vernadakis 1996). In mammals, strong indications exist for the occurrence of glutamatergic, GABAergic, adrenergic, purinergic, serotonergic, muscarinic and peptidergic receptors on various types of astrocyte (Gallo and Ghiani 2000;Mineff and Valtschanoff 1999;Porter and McCarty 1997). Moreover, there is a growing body of evidence that glial cells are capable of a calcium-dependent quantal release of chemical messengers, a phenomenon previously considered to be the exclusive property of neuronal synapses (Bezzi et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroglial cells of the teleost central nervous system: a survey of the main types

Cuoghi

Mola

2009

Cell Tissue Res

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Following our previous review of teleost microglia, we focus here on the morphological and histochemical features of the three principal macroglia types in the teleost central nervous system (ependymal cells, astrocyte-like cells/radial glia and oligodendrocytes). This review is concerned with recent literature and not only provides insights into the various individual aspects of the different types of macroglial cells plus a comparison with mammalian glia, but also indicates the several potentials that the neural tissue of teleosts exhibits in neurobiological research. Indeed, some areas of the teleost brain are particularly suitable in terms of the establishment of a "simple" but complete research model (i.e. the visual pathway complex and the supramedullary neuron cluster in puffer fish). The relationships between neurons and glial cells are considered in fish, with the aim of providing an integrated picture of the complex ways in which neurons and glia communicate and collaborate in normal and injured neural tissues. The recent setting up of successful protocols for fish glia and mixed neuron-glia cultures, together with the molecular facilities offered by the knowledge of some teleost genomes, should allow consistent input towards the achievement of this aim.

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“…This offers a multitude of potential signalling and modulatory possibilities for synaptically and extrasynaptically released glutamate (Kullmann 2000). Within the thalamus the distribution of a considerable number of the various glutamate receptors has been described in some detail (Martin et al 1992;Petralia et al 1996;Godwin et al 1996;Liu 1997;Jones et al 1998;Liu et al 1998;Mineff & Valtschanoff 1999;Neto et al 2000;Mineff & Weinberg 2000;Tamaru et al 2001;Bolea et al 2001). This paper seeks to provide a brief overview of some of the well-known synaptic roles of glutamate receptors in the sensory thalamic relay nuclei, and then on the basis of more recent work to indicate other more speculative synaptic roles and how this might relate to sensory transmission through the thalamus under physiological conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutamate receptor functions in sensory relay in the thalamus

Salt

2002

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

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It is known that glutamate is a major excitatory transmitter of sensory and cortical afferents to the thalamus. These actions are mediated via several distinct receptors with postsynaptic excitatory effects predominantly mediated by ionotropic receptors of the a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) and N-methyl-d-aspartate varieties (NMDA). However, there are also other kinds of glutamate receptor present in the thalamus, notably the metabotropic and kainate types, and these may have more complex or subtle roles in sensory transmission. This paper describes recent electrophysiological experiments done in vitro and in vivo which aim to determine how the metabotropic and kainate receptor types can in uence transmission through the sensory thalamic relay. A particular focus will be how such mechanisms might operate under physiological conditions.

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Metabotropic glutamate receptors 2 and 3 expressed by astrocytes in rat ventrobasal thalamus

Cited by 44 publications

References 17 publications

Ultrastructural Localization of the CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor in μ-Opioid Receptor Patches of the Rat Caudate Putamen Nucleus

Ultrastructural Localization of the CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor in μ-Opioid Receptor Patches of the Rat Caudate Putamen Nucleus

Macroglial cells of the teleost central nervous system: a survey of the main types

Glutamate receptor functions in sensory relay in the thalamus

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