Metabonomic Evaluation of Melamine-Induced Acute Renal Toxicity in Rats

Abstract

The recent outbreak of renal failure in infants in China has been determined to be caused by melamine (Mel) and derivatives adulterated in the food. A metabonomic study was performed to evaluate the global biochemical alteration triggered by Mel ingestion in parallel with the acute renal toxicity in rats. Mel at 600, 300, and 100 mg/kg, cyanuric acid (Cya) at 100 mg/kg, and mixture of Mel and Cya (50 mg/kg each) were administered in five groups of Wistar rats, respectively, via oral gavage for 15 days. Urinary metabonomic profiles indicated that Mel perturbed urinary metabolism in a dose-dependent manner, with high-dose group showing the most significant impact. Metabonomic variations also suggest that the toxicity of low-dose (50 mg/kg) Mel was greatly elevated by the presence of Cya (at 50 mg/kg), which was able to induce a significant metabolic alteration to a level equivalent to that of 600 mg/kg Mel. Histological examination and serum biochemical analysis also indicated that the low-dose Mel-Cya mixture and high-dose Mel group resulted in the greatest renal toxicity. The high-dose Mel and low-dose Mel-Cya resulted in disrupted amino acid metabolism including tryptophan, polyamine, and tyrosine metabolism, and altered TCA and gut microflora structure.

Antagonistic and Biocontrol Potential of Trichoderma asperellum ZJSX5003 Against the Maize Stalk Rot Pathogen Fusarium graminearum

“…The mixture used for automatic mass calibration was 200 ng mL -1 of leucine enkephalin (556.3 m/z). The resulting 3-D matrix containing arbitrarily assigned peak index (retention timem/z pairs), sample names (observations), and normalized peak area were exported to SIMCA-P software 11.0 (Umetrics, Umea, Sweden) for multivariate statistical analysis [18][19][20].…”

Effect of melamine on potassium currents in rat hippocampal CA1 neurons

“…Furthermore, toxicity included reduced body weight, high blood pressure, epithelial hyperplasia of the urinary bladder and so on (Langman et al, 2009;Xie et al, 2009). However, as the main Ndemethylated metabolites of hexamethylmelamine (Worzalla et al, 1974) which has central nervous system (CNS) toxicity including agitation, confusion, drowsiness, depression and something like epileptic seizure (Legha et al, 1976), melamine may have the CNS toxicity as well.…”

A foresight study on emerging technologies: State of the art of Omics technologies and potential applications in food and feed safety

“…Long-term exposure to arsenic is causally related to a variety of dermal symptoms (arsenicosis), peripheral neuropathy, encephalopathy, bronchitis, pulmonary fibrosis, hepato-splenomegaly, hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, atherosclerosis, cancer (lung, bladder, other organs) and diabetes mellitus (Bolt, 2012). WHO and European Union have set an upper limit of 10 µg/l arsenic in drinking water (Zhao, 2010).…”

“…The following studies were identified on arsenic using transcriptomics or proteomics approaches (Robinson et al, 2010a;Hong et al, 2009;Boellmann et al, 2010;Kozul et al, 2009;Zhao et al, 2010). Experiments were performed with mice (4).…”