Metabolomics study based on GC–MS reveals a protective function of luteolin against glutamate‐induced PC12 cell injury

Abstract

Oxidative stress response is closely related to neurodegenerative diseases. This study aimed to investigate the cytoprotective effects of luteolin on glutamate‐induced oxidative stress injury in PC12 cells. GC–MS combined with multivariate statistical approaches was used to perform metabolomics studies to assess the possible mechanisms. Our results identified 23 metabolites as differential expressed metabolites in the glutamate group, including cysteine content in cells that decreased drastically. This suggests that glutathione synthesis, which balances the redox state of cells, was affected. Luteolin inhibits the reduction in viability in glutamate‐induced PC12 cells and regulates 13 differential expressed metabolites in glutamate‐induced cell damage. These metabolites associated with luteolin included glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism; aminoacyl‐tRNA biosynthesis; cysteine and methionine metabolism; inositol phosphate metabolism; and starch and sucrose metabolism. In summary, the systemic antioxidant capacity of luteolin in PC12 cells is related to its regulation of amino acid, glucose, and nucleotide metabolism pathways.

Dietary Supplementation with Bupleuri Radix Reduces Oxidative Stress Occurring during Growth by Regulating Rumen Microbes and Metabolites

“…Pyrimidine metabolism, 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and D-amino acid metabolism are the primary metabolic pathways that are enriched in the negative ionization mode. Through studying the cytoprotective impact of lignans on glutamate-induced OS injury in PC12 cells, it was discovered that lignans’ ability to regulate amino acid, glucose, and nucleotide metabolic pathways is linked to their systemic antioxidant capacity in PC12 cells [ 68 ]. Different microbial metabolic patterns of amino acids, including those related to the metabolism of glutamine and glutamate, glycine, and cysteine, have been proposed as potential contributors to host OS [ 26 ].…”