Metabolomics reveals the reproductive abnormality in female zebrafish exposed to environmentally relevant levels of climbazole

Optimization of a liquid chromatography-ion mobility-high resolution mass spectrometry platform for untargeted lipidomics and application to HepaRG cell extracts

“…The authors used a combination of 1 H-NMR for the analysis of monosaccharides, amino acids, and organic acids, GC-MS for cholesterol and fatty acids, and LC-MS for the analysis of lipids. However, more recent zebrafish toxicometabolomics studies (≥2017) reported using LC-HRMS (Orbitrap or QTOF) [15,28,29,31,33,36,48,51,[85][86][87][88], followed by 1 H-NMR [24,30,[89][90][91][92][93] and GC-HRMS [21,94], while multi-analytical platform studies remain scarce.…”

“…In LC-MS analysis, the combination of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC, e.g., bare silica, amide, diol, amido, zwitterionic columns) and reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC, e.g., C18, C8, C30 columns) methods is one the most comprehensive strategies for untargeted metabolomics, providing a broad metabolite coverage [95][96][97]. Currently, C18 columns with sub-2-µm particle size are often used for untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics as a stand-alone technique, and rarely combined with HILIC [22,23,31,36,48,51,83,85,87,88,98]. Furthermore, the complementarity of HILIC to RPLC methods is a highly powerful strategy for polar metabolites that should not be overlooked, especially when a multiplatform strategy is not employed [97,99].…”

Mass Spectrometry-Based Zebrafish Toxicometabolomics: A Review of Analytical and Data Quality Challenges

“…A number of recent zebrafish metabolomics studies report ice as the anesthetic [ 21 , 28 , 29 , 30 ] and/or euthanasia [ 31 ] technique for adult zebrafish, larvae, and embryos. Euthanasia by rapid cooling is at present not allowed in the EU legislation, but, for example, in the United States, rapid chilling (2 to 4 °C, for 10–20 s) until loss of orientation and operculum movements followed by holding times in ice-chilled water is acceptable for euthanasia of zebrafish according to the Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals of the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA).…”

“…The authors used a combination of 1 H-NMR for the analysis of monosaccharides, amino acids, and organic acids, GC-MS for cholesterol and fatty acids, and LC-MS for the analysis of lipids. However, more recent zebrafish toxicometabolomics studies (≥2017) reported using LC-HRMS (Orbitrap or QTOF) [ 15 , 28 , 29 , 31 , 33 , 36 , 48 , 51 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 ], followed by 1 H-NMR [ 24 , 30 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 ] and GC-HRMS [ 21 , 94 ], while multi-analytical platform studies remain scarce.…”

“…In LC-MS analysis, the combination of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC, e.g., bare silica, amide, diol, amido, zwitterionic columns) and reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC, e.g., C18, C8, C30 columns) methods is one the most comprehensive strategies for untargeted metabolomics, providing a broad metabolite coverage [ 95 , 96 , 97 ]. Currently, C18 columns with sub-2-μm particle size are often used for untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics as a stand-alone technique, and rarely combined with HILIC [ 22 , 23 , 31 , 36 , 48 , 51 , 83 , 85 , 87 , 88 , 98 ]. Furthermore, the complementarity of HILIC to RPLC methods is a highly powerful strategy for polar metabolites that should not be overlooked, especially when a multiplatform strategy is not employed [ 97 , 99 ].…”