Metabolomics of the Protective Effect of Ampelopsis grossedentata and Its Major Active Compound Dihydromyricetin on the Liver of High‐Fat Diet Hamster

Abstract

e flavonoid dihydromyricetin (DMY) is the main component of Ampelopsis grossedentata (Hand-Mazz) W. T. Wang (AG), a daily beverage and folk medicine used in Southern China to treat jaundice hepatitis, cold fever, and sore throat. Recently, DMY and AG were shown to have a beneficial effect on lipid metabolism disorder. However, the mechanisms of how DMY and AG protect the liver during lipid metabolism disorder remain unclear. In this study, we first analyzed the chemical compounds of AG by HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MS n . Of the 31 compounds detected, 29 were identified based on previous results. en, the effects of DMY and AG on high-fat diet hamster livers were studied and the metabolite levels and metabolic pathway activity of the liver were explored by 1 H NMR metabolomics. Compared to the high-fat diet group, supplementation of AG and DMY attenuated the high-fat-induced increase in body weight, liver lipid deposition, serum triglycerides and total cholesterol levels, and normalized endogenous metabolite concentrations. PCA and PLS-DA score plots demonstrated that while the metabolic profiles of hamsters fed a high-fat diet supplemented with DMY or AG were both far from those of hamsters fed a normal diet or a high-fat diet alone, they were similar to each other. Our data suggest that the underlying mechanism of the protective effect of DMY and AG might be related to an attenuation of the deleterious effect of high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia on multiple metabolic pathways including amino acid metabolism, ketone body metabolism, energy metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and enhanced fatty acid oxidation.

1H-NMR Metabolomics Analysis of the Effect of Rubusoside on Serum Metabolites of Golden Hamsters on a High-Fat Diet

“…After ten weeks on a high-fat diet, animals in HFD showed a significant increased body weight, significantly higher levels of total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) in the liver, and significantly higher levels of TG, TC, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) in serum compared to animals in normal diet group (ND) ( Figure 1), indicating that our high-fat diet model was well established [20,22]. Compared to HFD, animal in simvastatin (HFD+SV) group had significantly lower body weight and improved animal physiological and biochemical indicators of serum and liver high-fat diet except for LDL-C, HDL-C, and ALT ( Figure 1).…”

“…The current study analyzed the preventive effect of rubusoside on high-fat diet-induced alterations in lipid metabolism in golden hamsters. Animals on a high-fat diet had increased body weight, altered liver morphology as well as increased levels of TC and TG in the liver and enhanced levels of TC, TG, AST, ALT, HDL-C, and LDL-C in serum, indicating that our high-fat diet model was well established [20,22].…”

“…The data analysis methods were described previously [22]. The results of animal physiological and biochemical indicators are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD).…”

“…Serum NMR experiments were performed on a Bruker AV III 600 MHz spectrometer (Bruker Bio spin, Corporation, Billerica, MA, USA) equipped with an inverse cryoprobe operating at 600.13 MHz as our described method [22]. All NMR spectra of samples were acquired using a standard Bruker noesygppr1d pulse sequence and a total of 64 scans were collected into 32,768 data points over a spectral width of 8000.00 Hz.…”

“…Spectral intensities were then scaled to sodium 3-(trimethylsilyl) propionate-2,2,3,3-d4 (TSP). Metabolic profiling and peak identification were performed by Anachro Technologies Inc. (Wuhan, China) [22,36,37].…”