Metabolomics for understanding stomatal movements

Abstract

Stomata control the exchange of CO 2 and water in land plants. For this reason, plants evolved to quickly respond the surrounding environment and endogenous cues in order to maintain their photosynthetic rates, but avoiding excessive water loss. Although guard cell has been used as model for characterization of signaling pathways, mainly regarding abscisic acid (ABA) response, several important questions about its functioning remain elusive. Recently, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics studies carried out using guard cells as model have contributed substantially for our understanding on how guard cells sense and respond to relative air humidity, CO 2 , ABA, and sucrose. Comparatively, proteomics and metabolomics platforms need substantial improvement to increase the number of analytes detected. However, with the introduction of metabolomics-based technologies, several studies have been published increasing our knowledge on guard cell function. Here, we review these new exciting findings as well as discuss the importance of using these new data to improve prediction when modelling stomatal behavior.

Establishment of a GC‐MS‐based 13C‐positional isotopomer approach suitable for investigating metabolic fluxes in plant primary metabolism

“…Given the possibility to identify 13 C-labelling at the atom position, 13 Cnuclear magnetic resonance ( 13 C-NMR) is one of the best approaches for 13 C-MFA (Kim et al, 2010;Zamboni et al, 2009). However, NMR is less sensitive than mass spectrometry (MS), which restricts its use to small metabolic networks (Ratcliffe and Shachar-Hill, 2006) and renders the use of NMR for single-cell MFA non-feasible, given that an enormous amount of cells would be required for such analysis (Medeiros et al, 2019). Metabolite separation by gas (GC), liquid or capillary chromatography coupled to MS appear as important techniques to overcome the sensitivity limitation of 13 C-NMR approaches (Antoniewicz, 2013a).…”

Metabolism‐mediated mechanisms underpin the differential stomatal speediness regulation among ferns and angiosperms

“…Fossil records coupled to recent genomics studies suggest that stomata exists since at least 400 million years ago, being found from bryophytes to tracheophytes, with particular losses in certain mosses and all liverworts during bryophyte evolution (Duckett & Pressel 2018; Harris et al, 2020; Renzaglia et al, 2020). The appearance of stomata greatly contributed for plant adaptation to the terrestrial environment, which is due to the fact that stomatal opening allows the exchange of H 2 O and CO 2 between the leaf and the environment in aerial tissues covered by cuticle (Medeiros et al, 2019; Qu et al, 2017). More importantly, the active regulation of stomatal movements and the faster stomatal responses found in angiosperms are important characteristics that contribute to explain the success of this plant group in dominating both natural and agricultural ecosystems, when compared to bryophytes and early tracheophytes such as lycophytes and ferns (Brodribb et al, 2019).…”

Photosynthesis and gas exchanges of forage cactus varieties (Opuntia and Nopalea) grown under screen and irrigation

“…The increase in variety, plant water status and/or cladode, sucrose and ABA, etc. (MEDEIROS et al, 2019).…”