Metabolomics Combined with Transcriptomics Analysis Revealed the Amino Acids, Phenolic Acids, and Flavonol Derivatives Biosynthesis Network in Developing Rosa roxburghii Fruit

Abstract

Rosa roxburghii Tratt. is a specific fruit with high nutritional value and antioxidative activities. However, the key metabolites and their biosynthesis are still unknown. Herein, a main cultivated variety, ‘Guinong 5’ (Rr5), was chosen to analyze the metabolomics of the three developmental stages of R. roxburghii fruit by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A total of 533 metabolites were identified, of which 339 were significantly altered. Total phenols, flavonoids, and amino acids were significantly correlated to at least one in vitro antioxidant activity. The conjoint Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) co-enrichment analysis of metabolome and transcriptome was focused on amino acid, phenylpropanoid, and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. The amino acid, phenolic acid, and flavonol biosynthesis networks were constructed with 32 structural genes, 48 RrMYBs, and 23 metabolites. Of these, six RrMYBs correlated to 9–15 metabolites in the network were selected to detect the gene expression in six different R. roxburghii genotypes fruits. Subsequently, 21 key metabolites were identified in the in vitro antioxidant activities in the fruits at various developmental stages or in fruits of different R. roxburghii genotypes. We found that four key RrMYBs were related to the significantly varied amino acids, phenolic acids, and flavonol derivatives in the network during fruit development and the key metabolites in the in vitro antioxidative activities in the fruits of six R. roxburghii genotypes. This finding provided novel insights into the flavonoid, polyphenol, and amino acid synthesis in R. roxburghii.

Unveiling Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Compositional Differences between Dukkah and Za’atar via SPME-GCMS and HPLC-DAD

“…The ORAC assay also confirmed the presence of polyphenols in various blends with significant antioxidant activity [ 49 ]. EDT encompassed high levels of caffeic acid, ferulic acid, rutin, and rosmarinic acid (194.4, 325.8, 302.1, and 338.3 ug/g, respectively), demonstrating the strongest antioxidant effect and ROS scavenging activity [ 48 , 50 ]. In this assay, SZS (1138.11 μM T eq/mg) showed the lowest antioxidant potential compared to other tested herbal mixtures.…”

Metabolomic and transcriptomic exploration of the uric acid-reducing flavonoids biosynthetic pathways in the fruit of Actinidia arguta Sieb. Zucc.

“…cultivars. Across many plants, naringin, kaempferol, kaempferol, myricetin, dihydromyricetin, and dihydro quercetin are catalyzed by positively regulating the expression of CHS, CHI, F3H, F3’H, and FLS ( Liu et al., 2002 ; Deavours and Dixon, 2005 ; Liu et al., 2016 ; Wang et al., 2017 ; Matsui et al., 2018 ; Wang et al., 2019a ; Jin et al., 2022 ; Li et al., 2022b ). In addition, CHS, CHI, F3H, CFoL, LOC, LSAT, FNSI, DFR, F3’H, FLS, and HIDH may play structural or regulatory roles in the biosynthetic pathways of the flavonoid compounds chrysin (Flavone1), rutin (Flavone2) and daidzein (Flavone3).…”

Polyploid Induction and Identification of Rosa roxburghii f. eseiosa

“…However, its vitamin C content is similar to that of 'Guinong 5' [2]. Furthermore, the total phenolic content in Wuci 1's leaves [7] and fruits [2] is higher than that of 'Guinong 5', with gallic acid identified as a significant metabolite that correlates with the fruit's antioxidant capacity [8]. Specific molecular markers have been developed for Wuci 1, enabling rapid identification of both the variety itself and its offspring and reducing the breeding cycle [9].…”