Metabolomics-based studies in the field ofLeishmania/leishmaniasis

Abstract

a b s t r a c tLeishmania is a neglected protozoan parasite which creates some problems for public health with different clinical infections in different countries around. Due to the lack of an effective drug without side effects and the emergence drug resistance, there is an urgent need to introduce the novel drug targets and new drugs and vaccines to control leishmaniasis during recent years, metabolomics and other ''Omics" platforms has become an important approach to comprehensive knowledge of the Leishmania parasites biology. The study of metabolite profiles can open the insights for discovering novel therapeutic targets in this infection in both of the parasites and human host. In addition, specifying the metabolomics profile changes among promastigotes, amastigotes and during metacyclogenesis can pay the way for achieving parasite survival parameters and the host-parasite interaction. The previous studies in this field have been extracted from the databases, literature and their detailed major concepts. The present review highlights the role of metabolomics approach in the field of Leishmania research. Also, several important metabolite signatures introduced in various aspect of leishmania parasite such as drug resistance and parasite biology which would be useful in the field of biomarker and drug discovery process. Finally, metabolomics plays a potential role in introducing metabolic pathways related to Leishmania parasite and its treatment design. Ó 2018 Alexandria University Faculty of Medicine. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Identification of proteins in promastigote and amastigote-like stages of Leishmania tropica by a quantitative proteomic approach

“…Succinyl-CoA: 3-ketoacid-coenzyme A transferase is a Key enzyme for ketone body catabolism that amastigote form uses these sources for energy production in absence of glucose in macrophage environment. In general, amastigote forms provide their required energy through fatty acid oxidation by elevated TCA enzymes activity and differentiating parasites shift from glucose to fatty and amino acid oxidation and from glycolysis to gluconeogenesis [9,17,30]. As mentioned, the proteins involved in amino acid transport and metabolism were also up-regulated in this study.…”

“…L. major and L. tropica are the causative agents for cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran and some of the neighboring countries [5,6]. Since the parasites regulate gene expression mainly at post-transcriptional stages, "OMICS" approach including genomics, proteomics [7,8], metabolomics [9] along with bioinformatics analysis [10] is thought to yield critical insight into the mechanisms of stage differentiation, species differences, virulence and drug resistance [11][12][13].To understand the differences during transformation and between the molecular levels, there are several reports about the proteome of promastigotes and amastigotes forms of L. major, L.…”

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Regulatory Network Identifies hsa-miR-145-5p and hsa-miR-875-5p as Potential Biomarkers

“…Some of which are delivery complications (premature delivery, caesarean birth, birth injury, preeclampsia) as well as developing type II diabetes mellitus in the future (1). Since the diagnosis and treatment approaches of many diseases such as GDM is hampered due to the lack of putative biomarkers of which, high throughput molecular studies seemed promising in this regard (5). In fact, molecular studies could broaden the horizons on disease management and advanced medical approaches including screening, diagnosis, and treatment through evaluating mechanisms, which has recently become of great interest (6, 7).…”

Comparative Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis Maps for Amastigote-like Proteomes of Iranian Leishmania Tropica and Leishmania major Isolates

“…Addressing this problem, the amastigote-like of L. tropica and L. major are investigated in this study to find the similarities and differences of these two types of Leishmania in terms of characteristics such as surface proteins. It can be effective in concluding in vitro tests and the design of new therapies [ 11 , 12 ]. Knowing the differences and antigenic similarities between amastigote-like of L. tropica and L. major is specifically effective in the development of vaccines that are based on antigenic components.…”