Abstract:Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is one of the most extensively cultivated and used staple crops in human nutrition, while wheat bread is annually consumed in more than nine billion kilograms over the world. Consumers’ purchase decisions on wheat bread are largely influenced by its nutritional and sensorial characteristics. In the last decades, metabolomics is considered an effective tool for elucidating the information on metabolites; however, the deep investigations on metabolites still remain a difficult and longt… Show more
“…It is worth noting that recently, more attention is being paid to γ-aminobutyric acid which is formed via the enzymatic reaction of glutamic acid with several important roles in human metabolism such as hypotensive, diuretic, neurotransmitter, and inhibitor of leukemia cell proliferation [ 54 , 55 ]. Furthermore, in all samples, Val, Ile, and Leu were identified and claimed by the literature to have an essential role in human muscle damage recovery, fatigue, and soreness due to physical effort.…”
Apple industrial by-products are a promising source of bioactive compounds with direct implications on human health. The main goal of the present work was to characterize the Jonathan and Golden Delicious by-products from their fatty acid, amino acid, and volatile aroma compounds’ point of view. GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) and ITEX/GC-MS methods were used for the by-products characterization. Linoleic and oleic were the main fatty acids identified in all samples, while stearic acid was the representant of saturated ones. With respect to amino acids, from the essential group, isoleucine was the majority compound identified in JS (Jonathan skin) and GS (Golden skin) samples, lysine was the representant of JP (Jonathan pomace), and valine was mainly identified in GP (Golden pomace). A total number of 47 aroma volatile compounds were quantified in all samples, from which the esters groups ranged from 41.55–53.29%, aldehydes 29.75–43.99%, alcohols from 4.15 to 6.37%, ketones 4.14–5.72%, and the terpenes and terpenoids group reached values between 2.27% and 4.61%. Moreover, the by-products were valorized in biscuits manufacturing, highlighting their importance in enhancing the volatile aroma compounds, color, and sensorial analysis of the final baked goods.
“…It is worth noting that recently, more attention is being paid to γ-aminobutyric acid which is formed via the enzymatic reaction of glutamic acid with several important roles in human metabolism such as hypotensive, diuretic, neurotransmitter, and inhibitor of leukemia cell proliferation [ 54 , 55 ]. Furthermore, in all samples, Val, Ile, and Leu were identified and claimed by the literature to have an essential role in human muscle damage recovery, fatigue, and soreness due to physical effort.…”
Apple industrial by-products are a promising source of bioactive compounds with direct implications on human health. The main goal of the present work was to characterize the Jonathan and Golden Delicious by-products from their fatty acid, amino acid, and volatile aroma compounds’ point of view. GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) and ITEX/GC-MS methods were used for the by-products characterization. Linoleic and oleic were the main fatty acids identified in all samples, while stearic acid was the representant of saturated ones. With respect to amino acids, from the essential group, isoleucine was the majority compound identified in JS (Jonathan skin) and GS (Golden skin) samples, lysine was the representant of JP (Jonathan pomace), and valine was mainly identified in GP (Golden pomace). A total number of 47 aroma volatile compounds were quantified in all samples, from which the esters groups ranged from 41.55–53.29%, aldehydes 29.75–43.99%, alcohols from 4.15 to 6.37%, ketones 4.14–5.72%, and the terpenes and terpenoids group reached values between 2.27% and 4.61%. Moreover, the by-products were valorized in biscuits manufacturing, highlighting their importance in enhancing the volatile aroma compounds, color, and sensorial analysis of the final baked goods.
“…HIT has not used to evaluate the impact of such biochemical changes on wheat quality and should be the subject of in-depth study, potentially in combination with other techniques. By providing valuable insights into the biochemical pathways and compounds that influence wheat growth, development, and quality, metabolomics involving small molecules or metabolites within a biological system can be used as a powerful analytical approach for wheat quality analysis from a microscopic level ( Saia et al, 2019 , Păucean et al, 2021 ). Metabolomics and HIT are two distinct techniques and provide complementary information about different aspects of wheat samples.…”
Section: Application Of Hit In Wheat Quality Evaluationmentioning
“…In order to explore the selectivity of 1-6 for cancer cell lines, we tested their cytotoxicity toward normal fibroblasts, calculated IC50 values and selectivity index, which is the most commonly reported as a simple ratio of IC50 calculated for healthy and cancer cells [47] . Analysis of the selectivity index revealed that all tested complexes had a lower selectivity index compared to cisplatin (Table 7).…”
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