Metabolomics approach in identifying biomarkers from pathogenic Ganoderma boninense involved in early interactions with oil palm host

Santiago, Krystle Angelique A.; Wong, Wei; Goh, You Keng; Tey, S. H.; Ting, Adeline Su Yien

doi:10.1016/j.pmpp.2023.101980

Cited by 4 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Following incubation, eight mycelial plugs (8 mm in diameter) of each monokaryotic (monokaryon, mGb) and dikaryotic (dikaryon, dGb) G. boninense were inoculated into 1000 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 600 ml of oil palm extract medium (OPEM) broth. The oil palm extract medium (OPEM) broth was prepared by blending 150 g of oil palm sawdust obtained from healthy palm with 1000 ml of distilled water 12 . The plant collection (oil palm trunk tissues) and use were in accordance with all relevant guidelines.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The secondary metabolites produced by both monokaryon (OPEM + mGb) and dikaryon (OPEM + dGb), as well as those found in the negative control (OPEM), were extracted via liquid–liquid extraction 12 . Each broth culture (600 ml) was filtered using a sterile miracloth (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) to separate the mycelia from the broth and other oil palm debris.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High-resolution LC–MS (LC-HRMS) was carried out as described by Santiago et al 12 . Briefly, a concentration of 1 mg/ml of each crude extract (OPEM + mGb, OPEM + dGb and OPEM) was prepared.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The samples were analyzed using the Agilent 1290 Infinity LC system coupled to the Agilent 6520 Accurate-Mass Q-TOF mass spectrometer (Agilent, California, USA) with electrospray ionization (ESI) interface in negative ion mode equipped with an Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18 column (150 mm × 2.1 mm column, Agilent, California, USA). The column conditions were as described by Santiago et al 12 . The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% formic acid in water and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, the functional activities can be predicted directly from mass spectrometry data without a priori identification of metabolites by incorporating mummichog algorithm in the analyses 10 . For this study, the metabolite profile of dikaryon has been reported in an earlier study 12 and is used in this study to compare with the metabolite profile of monokaryon. The functional activities interpreted from the extracted secondary metabolites were determined using mummichog algorithm via the platform MetaboAnalyst ver.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathogenicity of monokaryotic and dikaryotic mycelia of Ganoderma boninense revealed via LC–MS-based metabolomics

Santiago,

Wong,

Goh

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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This study compared the pathogenicity of monokaryotic (monokaryon) and dikaryotic (dikaryon) mycelia of the oil palm pathogen Ganoderma boninense via metabolomics approach. Ethyl acetate crude extracts of monokaryon and dikaryon were analysed by liquid chromatography quadrupole/time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (LC-Q/TOF–MS) coupled with multivariate data analysis using MetaboAnalyst. The mummichog algorithm was also used to identify the functional activities of monokaryon and dikaryon without a priori identification of all their secondary metabolites. Results revealed that monokaryon produced lesser fungal metabolites than dikaryon, suggesting that monokaryon had a lower possibility of inducing plant infection. These findings were further supported by the identified functional activities. Monokaryon exhibits tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan metabolism, which are important for fungal growth and development and to produce toxin precursors. In contrast, dikaryon exhibits the metabolism of cysteine and methionine, arginine and proline, and phenylalanine, which are important for fungal growth, development, virulence, and pathogenicity. As such, monokaryon is rendered non-pathogenic as it produces growth metabolites and toxin precursors, whereas dikaryon is pathogenic as it produces metabolites that are involved in fungal growth and pathogenicity. The LC–MS-based metabolomics approach contributes significantly to our understanding of the pathogenesis of Ganoderma boninense, which is essential for disease management in oil palm plantations.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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