Metabolomics and proteomics reveal the molecular basis of colour formation in the pericarp of Chinese wild rice (Zizania latifolia)

Yu, Xiu-Ting; Qi, Qianqian; Li, Yali; Li, Nana; Xie, Yanning; Ding, Anming; Shi, John; Du, Yongmei; Liu, Xinmin; Zhang, Zhongfeng; Ning, Yan

doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112082

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Z. latifolia plants were collected from Baimho village (33°11′9″N; 119°9′37″E), Huai'ancity, Jiangsu Province, China (Yan et al., 2019; Yu et al., 2022). O. sativa cv.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projections to latent structures‐discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA), the screening of differential phenolic metabolites and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were performed as described by Yu et al. (2022). The boxplots of differential quercetin derivatives between WT and OE rice seeds were generated using the “boxplot” function in R (Yan et al., 2019).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PAL, CHS, CHI, and DFR activities were determined in OE and WT rice seeds according the method of Yu et al. (2022). Enzyme activities were expressed as enzyme units per liter (U/L).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Species of wild rice include Zizania palustris , Zizania aquatica , and Zizania texana in North America, as well as Zizania latifolia in East Asia (Wu et al., 2023; Xu et al., 2015). Chinese wild rice is a caryopsis that is processed by removing the glume from Z. latifolia grains, and its pericarp progressively turns light green, dark green, and brownish‐black during seed development (Yu et al., 2022). With the glume removed, Chinese wild, red, brown, and black rice are classified as whole grains (Yu et al., 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, few studies have focused on whole‐genome analysis of bHLH TF‐family members, particularly on the function of certain bHLH genes in Z. latifolia . We have previously shown that ZlRc ( Zla16G011250 ) and rice Rc ( LOC_Os07g11020 ) are orthologous genes (Yu et al., 2022). In this study, we conducted a whole‐genome bioinformatics analysis of bHLH TF‐family genes in Z. latifolia and identified a key bHLH TF ( ZlRc ) involved in the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genome‐wide analysis, metabolomics, and transcriptomics reveal the molecular basis of ZlRc overexpression in promoting phenolic compound accumulation in rice seeds

et al. 2023

Food Frontiers

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Chinese wild rice (Zizania latifolia) is rich in phenolic compounds, particularly flavonoids. This study identified 203 basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLHs) in Z. latifolia and showed that ZlbHLH196 (Zla16G011250) corresponds to the ZlRc gene in Z. latifolia, with its protein product localizing to the nucleus. Notably, the pericarps of ZlRc‐overexpressing (OE) rice are brown, whereas those of wild‐type (WT) rice are nonpigmented. The total phenolic, flavonoid, and proanthocyanidin contents, antioxidant activity, as well as enzyme inhibitory effects of ZlRc‐OE rice were significantly higher than those of WT rice. Overall, 221 differential phenolic metabolites were identified between ZlRc‐OE and WT rice, among which 198 were upregulated in the former. Additionally, a total of 227 differentially expressed genes were identified between ZlRc‐OE and WT rice, with 173 upregulated. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes annotation and enrichment analysis of phenolic metabolites revealed enhanced isoflavonoid, flavone, flavonol, and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways in ZlRc‐OE rice, which, furthermore, showed a markedly upregulated expression and significantly higher activities of four key flavonoid biosynthesis–related enzymes (phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase, chalcone synthase, chalcone‐flavanone isomerase, and dihydroflavonol 4‐reductase). These findings show that ZlRc‐overexpression promotes phenolic compound accumulation in rice seeds and can be used to bioaugment rice phenolic content.

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“…Z. latifolia plants were collected from Baimho village (33°11′9″N; 119°9′37″E), Huai'ancity, Jiangsu Province, China (Yan et al., 2019; Yu et al., 2022). O. sativa cv.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PAL, CHS, CHI, and DFR activities were determined in OE and WT rice seeds according the method of Yu et al. (2022). Enzyme activities were expressed as enzyme units per liter (U/L).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%