Metabolomics and Biological activities of Chlorella vulgaris grown under modified growth medium (BG11) composition

Abstract

The aim of this work was to determine the biochemical compounds and evaluate the biological activities of Chlorella vulgaris cultivated under a biotic stress condition (various Zinc and Cupper conc.). The growth rate was recorded as well as determination of active compounds, pigments and defense enzymes, in addition to the biological activities as antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer. The obtained results revealed that, higher copper concentrations [0.632 mg /L (Cu)] showed an inhibitory effect to growth while 1.76 mg /L (Zn) enhanced growth which reached its maximum at 25 th day of cultivation. Furthermore, combination of 0.88mg/L (Zn) and 0.316mg /L (Cu) induced an increase in growth rate, catalase, tannins, lipid peroxidation and glutathione-S-transferase and a decrease in flavonoids, phenolic content, protein and antioxidant activity. Also, the results of antioxidant activity showed that, elevation of Zn conc. induced an augmentation of antioxidant activity either by DPPH(2, 2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) or ABTS (2, 2'-azino-bis ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), with maximum activity at 0.88 mg/L Zinc conc. (89.91%) even exceeded those of control (85.62%). While more elevated Zn conc. (1.76 mg/L) induced lower activity when compared with synthetic antioxidant standard (Butylated hydroxyl toluene, BHT). Concerning antimicrobial activity, Gram +ve bacteria, Staphylococcusaureus recorded moderate activity in sulfur-contained extract. Cytotoxicity of three cancer cell lines was inversely proportional to extracts conc. used, where the higher conc. (500µg/ml) showed the lowest cell viability of the tested cell lines which ranged from 22.06 to 69.89%. 0.316 mg/L (Cu) of conc. 500 µg/ml recorded the lowest

Potential Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Secondary Metabolites of Nostoc linckia Cultivated under Zn and Cu Stress Conditions

“…Lower activities may be due to the antagonistic effect of crude extract components that cause an increment in ROS scavenging efficiency responsible for antioxidant activity. These results were in agreement with several reports [4,89,90]. The obtained data in Table 11 could be explained if we answer two questions.…”

“…As previously reported [4], Nostoc linckia was kept in standard conditions at 25 ± 1 • C in BG-110 medium, under fluorescent white light (Philips, TLD18W/54-765) of intensity 40 µmol m −2 s −1 , light duration (16-8 L/D cycles), and constant bubbling of air (filtered through a 0.22 µm microporous filter) with constant bubbling of air (filtered through a 0.22 m microporous filter).…”

“…Cyanobacteria are prokaryote that have a simple cellular structure, and photosynthesislike plants but don't have plant cell walls as with primitive bacteria. Cyanobacteria are considered as valuable sources of natural bioactive compounds, such as phenolic, flavonoids, terpenoids, proteins, lipids, vitamins, polysaccharides with considerable nutritional and medicinal value [1][2][3][4][5].…”

Enhancement of active ingredients and biological activities of Nostoc linckia biomass cultivated under modified BG-110 medium composition

“…The alga was maintained in standard conditions at 25 ± 1 °C in BG-11 0 medium, under fluorescent white light (Philips, TLD18W/54-765) of intensity of 40 μmol/m 2 /s and light duration of 16/8 L/D cycles, with constant bubbling of air (filtered through a 0.22-μm microporous filter) as reported by El-fayoumy et al [ 10 ].…”

“…The potential of cyanobacteria as novel sources of valuable chemicals and other products is gaining interest worldwide. In the last few decades, microalgae have become the focus for extensive screening of novel compounds with interesting biological activities [9][10][11][12], in addition to the pharmacologically active algal secondary metabolites such as phenolics, terpenes, and carotenoids that are associated with their biological activities as antioxidant, anticancer, biofuel, and antiviral against influenza virus and could be promising as anti-coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) as reported by Shalaby et al [13], Carpine and Sieber [14], and Priya and Ramesh [15].…”