Metabolomics and Bioactivity Guided Isolation of Secondary Metabolites from the Endophytic Fungus Chaetomium sp.

Abstract

Objectives: the aim of this study is to explore the secondary metabolites produced by the endophytic fungus Chaetomium sp. isolated from Scencio stapeliiformis (E.Phillips) as well as investigate the anticancer and antimicrobial activity of crude extracts, fractions and pure compounds. Methods: An endophytic fungus (Chaetomium sp.) was isolated from the arial part of S. stapeliiformis (from Giza, Egypt). DNA sequencing analysis, morphological and chemotaxonomy investigations were used for taxonomic identification. Metabolomics tools and dereplication studies were employed to choose the optimum growth medium and conditions that produce the most significant metabolites. The crude extract of the optimal fungal culture of Chaetomium sp. was then fractionated using flash chromatography and medium pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC). The structure of the isolated compounds was determined on the basis of 1D, 2D NMR and mass spectrometry (HR-ESIMS) analysis. Results: The Metabolomics and bioassay-guided isolation afforded five pure compounds; p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (1), Uracil (2), 3-benzyl-6-isobutyl piperazine-2,5-dione (3), Cyclo (L-Alanin-Lleucin) (4) and Cyclo-(L-proline-L-leucine) (5). Multivariate data analysis highlighted the most significant metabolites contributed to the measured bioactivity. All fungal extracts were tested for the anticancer activity but extract of 30 days liquid culture of Chaetomium showed the most anticancer activity. The pure compounds were tested for their anticancer and antimicrobial activities. Compounds 3 and 5 exhibited a significant anti-trypanosomal activity while compounds 1, 2 and 5 effectively inhibited the growth of E-coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion: A combination of metabolomicand bioassay-guided protocol can efficiently predict the putative biologically active metabolites during the first stage of fractionation.

Highlights on Chaetomium morphology, secondary metabolites and biological activates

“…Tawfik et al, [25] detected some compound which have investigate the anticancer and antimicrobial activity, The Metabolomics and bioassayguided isolation afforded five pure compounds; phydroxybenzaldehyde, Uracil, 3-benzyl-6-isobutyl piperazine-2,5-dione, Cyclo (L-Alanin-L-leucin) and Cyclo-(L-proline-L-leucine) (Figure , 3).…”

Metabolites of Colletrotricum species, an endophytic fungus isolated from Vernonia amygdalina Del possess antimicrobial and antioxidant activities

“…P-Hydroxybenzaldehyde, an isomer of hydroxybenzaldehyde has been previously isolated from the epicuticular wax of seedling bicolor and also found in orchids Gastrodia elata and Galeola faberi. Previous report by Tawfik et al [35] has established the antimicrobial activity of this compound. Cladosporin was previously isolated from Colletortrichum cladosporioides and there are reports of its antimicrobial, antifungal, antiplasmodal, anti-insecticidal and anti-tumor properties [29,30].…”

The endophyticFusariumstrains: a treasure trove of natural products

“…4 Endophytes might be involved in the biosynthesis of plant products; however, they might also be the producers themselves of many substances of potential use to modern medicine, agriculture and the pharmaceutical industry. 5…”

“…4 Endophytes might be involved in the biosynthesis of plant products; however, they might also be the producers themselves of many substances of potential use to modern medicine, agriculture and the pharmaceutical industry. 5 Fungal endophytes are a major source of anti-infective agents and other medically relevant compounds. 6 Endophytic fungi are a source of a diverse array of multidimensional bioactive secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, quinones, iso-coumarins, lignans, phenylpropanoids, phenols, and lactones.…”