Metabolomics analysis reveals serum biomarkers in patients with diabetic sarcopenia

Abstract

IntroductionDiabetic sarcopenia (DS) is characterized by muscle atrophy, slower nerve conduction, reduced maximum tension generated by skeletal muscle contraction, and slower contraction rate. Hence, DS can cause limb movement degeneration, slow movement, reduced balance, reduced metabolic rate, falls, fractures, etc. Moreover, the relevant early biological metabolites and their pathophysiological mechanism have yet to be characterized.MethodThe current cross-sectional study employed serum metabolomics analysis to screen potential noninvasive biomarkers in patients with diabetic sarcopenia. A total of 280 diabetic patients were enrolled in the study (n = 39 sarcopenia [DS], n = 241 without sarcopenia [DM]). Ten patients were randomly selected from both groups. Non-targeted metabolomic analysis was performed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.ResultsA total of 632 differential metabolites were identified, including 82 that were significantly differentially abundant (P < 0.05, VIP > 1, FC > 1.2 or FC < 0.8). Compared with the DM group, the contents of pentadecanoic acid, 5'-methylthioadenosine (5'-MTA), N,N-dimethylarginine (asymmetric dimethylarginine, ADMA), and glutamine in the DS group were significantly increased, while that of isoxanthohumol was decreased.DiscussionBased on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, pentadecanoic acid, 5'-MTA, ADMA, and glutamine may serve as potential biomarkers of DS. Moreover, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and the mammalian target of the rapamycin signaling pathway were found to potentially have important regulatory roles in the occurrence and development of DS (P < 0.05). Collectively, the differential metabolites identified in this study provide new insights into the underlying pathophysiology of DS and serve as a basis for therapeutic interventions.

Metabolic clues to aging: exploring the role of circulating metabolites in frailty, sarcopenia and vascular aging related traits and diseases

“…Pentadecanoic acid (15:0) is known as a biomarker for gauging fat consumption in dairy milk ( Risérus and Marklund, 2017 ). In line with our investigation, a cross-sectional study utilizing serum metabolomics unveiled heightened levels of pentadecanoic acid in individuals afflicted with diabetic sarcopenia ( Tan et al, 2023 ). This long-chain fatty acid, once deposited in muscles, emerges as a factor compromising muscle integrity, impeding protein anabolism, and invoking the cause of lipotoxicity, ultimately triggering a cascade of low-grade inflammation ( Chen et al, 2020 ).…”

d-Pinitol Improves Diabetic Sarcopenia by Regulation of the Gut Microbiome, Metabolome, and Proteome in STZ-Induced SAMP8 Mice

“…His metabolism is another important pathway closely related to sarcopenia. ABC transporters, a family of membrane proteins, are involved in many crucial physiological processes, including those related to DS. , Beyond gut microbiota and host gastrocnemius metabolite interactions, the integrated analysis of DRMs-DEPs provided new insights into the mechanism of DS and therapeutic targets of DP.…”

The causal relationship of human blood metabolites with the components of Sarcopenia: a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis

“…Recently, metabolomics has helped characterize specific metabolic phenotypes related to muscle health and explore the relationships between specific metabolites and muscle health. Metabolites biomarkers of L-alanine, gluconic acid, proline, and tryptophan were identified for severe sarcopenia in the community-dwelling older men [ 5 ], and pentadecanoic acid, 5’-Methylthioadenosine, asymmetric dimethylarginine, and glutamine were identified in diabetic patients with sarcopenia [ 6 ]. However, blood metabolites are probably susceptible to the confounding factors of diet, exercise and other lifestyle habits, which could not be clarified in traditional observational studies [ 7 – 9 ].…”