Metabolomic Profiling and Biological Activities of Pleurotus columbinus Quél. Cultivated on Different Agri-Food Byproducts

Abstract

The genus Pleurotus (Fr.) P. Kumm (Pleurotaceae, Basidiomycota) comprises a cosmopolitan group of mushrooms highly appreciated for their nutritional value and health-promoting benefits. Despite there being many studies about the phytochemical composition of Pleurotus spp., there are very few reports dealing with the phytochemistry, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of P. columbinus Quél. In this study, a mass spectrometry ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UHPLC)-QTOF method, coupled with principal component analysis (PCA), was applied to the P. columbinus metabolome in order to investigate the influence of different agri-food residues as growth substrates for P. columbinus cultivation, on the bioactive chemical profile of fruiting bodies and evaluated their potential as antioxidants and antimicrobials. Additionally, a quantitative HPLC-DAD-MS analysis was conducted on phenolic and flavonoid compounds, that could explain, albeit partially, the observed biological effects of P. columbinus extracts. The qualitative metabolic profile identified 97 metabolites, whereas the quantitative HPLC-DAD-MS analysis confirmed the presence of phenolic and flavonoids, in the mushroom extracts, which also showed intrinsic scavenging/reducing and antimicrobial effects. The antibacterial effects were particularly evident against Escherichia coli, whereas Tricophyton and Aspergillus were the dermatophytes more sensitive to the mushroom extracts. The present study supports more in-depth investigations, aimed at evaluating the influence of growth substrate on P. columbinus antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The extracts from P. columbinus revealed valuable sources of primary and secondary metabolites, thus suggesting potential applications in the formulation of food supplements with biological properties, above all in terms of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.

Characterization of the Phytochemical Composition and Bioactivities of Anacyclus maroccanus Ball. and Anacyclus radiatus Loisel Aerial Parts: Preliminary Evidence for the Possible Development of Moroccan Plants

“…This last sample also showed a moderate inhibition against Bacillus cereus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Staphylococcus aureus , and Candida albicans , despite a weak activity for the other samples. The antimicrobial properties of AM and AR samples agrees with the results of Selles et al [ 13 ], which found that a methanolic extract from A. pyrethrum aerial parts was able to inhibit S. aureus and B. cereus , despite slightly affecting E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; however, the tested extracts showed lower potency, in terms of MIC values (µg/mL), compared to the reference drugs ciprofloxacin, fluconazole, and griseofulvin for the antibacterial and antifungal effects [ 40 ]. In fact, the MIC values of ciprofloxacin, fluconazole, and griseofulvin were always ≤4 µg/mL towards the tested bacterial and fungal strains [ 40 ].…”

“…The antimicrobial properties of AM and AR samples agrees with the results of Selles et al [ 13 ], which found that a methanolic extract from A. pyrethrum aerial parts was able to inhibit S. aureus and B. cereus , despite slightly affecting E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; however, the tested extracts showed lower potency, in terms of MIC values (µg/mL), compared to the reference drugs ciprofloxacin, fluconazole, and griseofulvin for the antibacterial and antifungal effects [ 40 ]. In fact, the MIC values of ciprofloxacin, fluconazole, and griseofulvin were always ≤4 µg/mL towards the tested bacterial and fungal strains [ 40 ]. We have to consider that the extracts’ MIC values for the ethyl acetate samples were of the same order compared to the reference drugs, with values < 10 µg/mL, with regard to growth inhibitory effects against E. coli and T. rubrum species.…”

Untargeted Metabolomics Used to Describe the Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Effects of Extracts from Pleurotus spp. Mycelium Grown in Different Culture Media

“…Furthermore, the same extracts were assayed for the antifungal assays against different yeasts, dermatophyte, and fungal pool species: Candida albicans (YEPGA 6183), C. tropicalis (YEPGA 6184), C. albicans (YEPGA 6379), C. parapsilopsis (YEPGA 6551), Arthroderma crocatum (CCF 5300), A. curreyi (CCF 5207), A. gypseum (CCF 6261), A. quadrifidum (CCF 5792), A. insingulare (CCF 5417), A. quadrifidum (CCF 5792), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (CCF 4823), T. mentagrophytes (CCF 5930), T. rubrum (CCF 4933), and T. tonsurans (CCF 4834). Details are reported in our previous paper [ 2 ].…”

“…P. Kumm. (Pleurotaceae, Basidiomycota) includes some of the main cultivated edible mushrooms in the world due to their gastronomic, nutritional, and medicinal properties, such as anti-inflammatory [ 1 ], antioxidant [ 2 , 3 ], antidiabetic [ 4 ], antitumor [ 5 ], and immunomodulating [ 6 ]. Due to their ability to improve protein content and quality, as well as the valuable health benefits of myco-chemicals or bioactive components present in these mushrooms [ 7 , 8 , 9 ], Pleurotus spp.…”

LC/MS Q-TOF Metabolomic Investigation of Amino Acids and Dipeptides in Pleurotus ostreatus Grown on Different Substrates

“…In light of all of the above, and based on our recent works, , we focused our attention on the genus Pleurotus and, specifically, on the Pleurotus ostreatus species characterized by a high economic significance. P.…”