Metabolomic Pattern Analysis after Mediterranean Diet Intervention in a Nondiabetic Population: A 1- and 3-Year Follow-up in the PREDIMED Study

Abstract

The Mediterranean diet (MD) is considered a dietary pattern with beneficial effects on human health. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of an MD on urinary metabolome by comparing subjects at 1 and 3 years of follow-up, after an MD supplemented with either extra-virgin olive oil (MD+EVOO) or nuts (MD+Nuts), to those on advice to follow a control low-fat diet (LFD). Ninety-eight non-diabetic volunteers were evaluated, using metabolomic approaches, corresponding to MD+EVOO (n=41), MD+Nuts (n=27) or LFD (n=30) groups. The 1 H-NMR urinary profiles were examined at baseline, after 1 and 3 years of follow-up. Multivariate data analysis (OSC-PLS-DA and HCA) methods were used to identify the potential biomarker discriminating groups, exhibiting a urinary metabolome separation between MD groups against baseline and LFD. Results revealed that the most prominent hallmarks concerning MD groups were related to the metabolism of carbohydrates (3-hydroxybutyrate, citrate, cis-aconitate), creatine, creatinine, amino acids (proline, Nacetylglutamine, glycine, branched-chain amino acids and derived metabolites), lipids(oleic and suberic acids), and microbial co-metabolites (phenylacetylglutamine, pcresol). Otherwise, hippurate, trimethylamine-N-oxide, histidine and derivates (methylhistidines, carnosine, anserine) and xanthosine were predominant after LFD. The application of NMR-based metabolomics enabled the classification of individuals regarding their dietary pattern and highlights the potential of this approach for evaluating changes in the urinary metabolome at different time points of follow-up in response to specific dietary interventions.2

Biomarkers of Individual Foods, and Separation of Diets Using Untargeted LC–MS‐based Plasma Metabolomics in a Randomized Controlled Trial

“…A better understanding of the relation between dietary patterns and metabolic profiles is crucial for improving nutritional advice, but the dietary factors contributing to the change often remain elusive . Several studies have already demonstrated that different dietary intake patterns are visible in metabolomics data . Some metabolites are also well known to reflect intakes of specific foods .…”

Comparison of Collection Methods for Fecal Samples for Discovery Metabolomics in Epidemiologic Studies

“…the full complement of measured metabolites) within blood (e.g. serum) (4–6, 9–12, 14–17); fewer have analyzed urine samples (7, 8, 14), and although only a few relatively small studies have analyzed fecal samples using untargeted platforms, they have found potential diagnostic markers of disease (13, 18). These studies highlight the need for future epidemiologic studies with large-scale fecal sample collection.…”

Tolerability and safety of the intake of bovine milk oligosaccharides extracted from cheese whey in healthy human adults

“…the high-dose BMO arm. Decreases in TCA cycle intermediates such as cis -aconitate have been shown to decrease in response to a reduction in fat intake ( 39 ) . The reason for not detecting differences in the percentage change of other urinary metabolites is probably due to higher baseline concentrations of these metabolites.…”