Metabolomic fingerprint classification of Brachychiton acerifolius organs via UPLC-qTOF-PDA-MS analysis and chemometrics

Abstract

Brachychiton acerifolius, or Sterculia acerifolia as formerly known, is a member of a genus reported for a myriad of bioactive compounds. Metabolome analysis of B. acerifolius--leaves, flowers and seeds--and quantification of its major compounds are demonstrated in this study. Metabolites were analysed via UPLC-PDA-qTOF-(±) ESI-MS and UPLC/ITMS, with a total of 56 metabolites characterised including 30 flavonoids, 2 anthocyanins, 6 phenolic acids (i.e. citric and hydroxycitric acid conjugates) and 8 fatty acids (FAs). Multivariate data analyses (i.e. principle component analysis and orthogonal partial least square-discriminate analysis) were applied to identify metabolite markers for each organ. Pelargonidin-O-glucoside and naringenin-O-glucuronide were found exclusively in flowers versus flavone enrichment in leaves (i.e. luteolin-O-glucuronide and apigenin-O-rhamnosyl glucuronide). Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of toxic cyclopropene FAs in seeds which may restrict its use. Antioxidant activity assessment for the three organs was performed in comparison with vitamin C as positive control. Leaves showed the highest activity (IC50 0.015 mg/mL).

Flowers in Australia: Phytochemical Studies on the Illawarra Flame Tree and Alstonville

“…[5] A cursory study of the methanol extract from the Illawarra flame tree flowers reported moderate antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus [6] whereas, the antioxidant activity from the leaves showed high activity (IC 50 : 0.015 mg/mL) compared to Vitamin C as a positive control. [7] Despite these reports, there is no information available on the chemical structures contained within this extract.…”

Functionalization of chitosan with lignin to produce active materials by waste valorization

“…These values were in Please do not adjust margins Please do not adjust margins the same range as those obtained for the corresponding monomers in solution: 340, 320, and 322 nm for coumaric, ferulic, and sinapic acid, respectively. 34,35 However, a slight shift was observed in the maximum absorbance values. This has already been identified as a consequence of the grafting reaction.…”

SterculiaandBrachychiton: a comprehensive overview on their ethnopharmacology, biological activities, phytochemistry and the role of their gummy exudates in drug delivery

“…[110] Different Sterculia and Brachychiton species were previously known to produce gummy exudates from tree bark which were used since ancient times as stabilizers, emulsifiers and thickeners in food industry and drug-delivery systems. [111][112][113] Gum karaya, obtained from the stem and branches of S. urens, was known 100 years ago as an S. colorata B. acerifolius [10,98] S. colorata B. diversifolius B. diversifolius Farrerol (77) S. urens [90] Puerarin (78) S. foetida [132] alternative to gum tragacanth due to their physical and chemical similarity. Gums can be obtained from other species of Sterculia such as S. setigera and S. villosa in which the gum is collected in India after making incisions or wounds in the tree, and then allowed to solidify to form irregular tears that are consequently cleaned and sorted.…”

“…[96] Anthocyanins and coumarins Sterculia foetida, S. parviflora and B. acerifolius were the major sources of anthocyanins isolated from the genus such as cyanidin, pelargonidin and leucoanthocyanidin glycosides (86)(87)(88)(89)(90)(91)(92)(93). [97][98][99][100] Regarding coumarins, different structures were identified such as scopoletin (94) which was isolated from S. foetida, S. urens and B. australis (S. trichosiphon). [8,90,97] Other coumarins such as scopolin (95) …”