Metabolomic Changes in Sogatella furcifera under Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus Infection and Temperature Stress

Abstract

Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) is a devastating newly emerged rice reovirus in Eastern and Southeastern Asia transmitted by a long-distance migratory pest, the white-backed planthopper (WBPH). We previously showed that SRBSDV infection decreased the cold tolerance but improved the heat tolerance of its vector, WBPH. Comparative metabolomic analysis was used to explore the potential mechanisms underlying these changes in temperature stress response. Fourth-generation WBPH nymphs were treated with SRBSDV and/or extreme temperature stress and were analyzed using gas chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry. A total of 605 distinguishable peaks were identified and 165, 207, and 202 differentially accumulated metabolites were identified in WBPH after virus infection, cold, or heat stress, respectively. The nucleic acids and fatty acids were the major categories of metabolites regulated by SRBSDV infection, whereas temperature stress regulated tricarboxylic acid cycle compounds, sugars, and polyols. For the WBPH samples infected with SRBSDV and subjected to temperature stress, amino acids, sugars, and polyols were the most significant regulated metabolites. The metabolomics study suggests that SRBSDV may influence the extreme temperature tolerance of WBPH by regulating the accumulation of amino acids, sugars, and polyols in the insect body.

Luteoviruses affected energy reserves and fatty acid composition of their aphid vectors

“…The presence of BLRV and PEMV1 increased myristic acid amount in A. fabae and A. pisum , respectively. These results are in accordance with the study which indicated that FAs like myristic acid were increased in V planthopper vector ( Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) [Hemiptera: Delphacidae]) infected with Southern rice black‐streaked dwarf virus ( Reoviridae : Fijivirus ) (Zhang et al., 2018). Viruses may manipulate the FA content in virus‐infected insects to provide the needed energy for immune defence.…”

“…[Hemiptera: Delphacidae]) infected with Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (Reoviridae: Fijivirus) (Zhang et al, 2018). Viruses may manipulate the FA content in virus-infected insects to provide the needed energy for immune defence.…”

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“…Nowadays, omics technology is increasingly being used to understand intricate biological systems and reveal the molecular characteristics behind complex cellular phenotypes [17,18]. Applications of omics platforms include the identification of genes (genomics), messenger RNA (mRNA, transcriptomics), proteins (proteomics), and metabolites (metabolomics).…”

Looking Through the Lens of 'Omics Technologies: Insights Into the Transmission of Insect Vector-borne Plant Viruses

“…The authors observed nuanced expression of heat shock proteins in insects exposed to SRBSDV and heat stress, which may be due to the crosstalk between heat stress and antiviral pathways, both of which would be activated under this dual stress and potentially repressed by viral counterdefense strategies. In a follow-up metabolomics study of S. furcifera exposed to the same virus and environmental stressors, there was up-regulation of polyols and sugars in viruliferous planthoppers under both heat and cold stress, and up-regulation of certain amino acids, such as methionine, proline, threonine, ornithine, L-homoserine and β-alanine, under heat stress (Zhang et al, 2018). These same amino acids were down-regulated in response to cold stress.…”