Metabolomic and Transcriptome Analysis of the Inhibitory Effects of Bacillus subtilis Strain Z-14 against Fusarium oxysporum Causing Vascular Wilt Diseases in Cucumber

Abstract

Controlling cucumber Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (FOC) with Bacillus strains is a hot research topic. However, the molecular mechanism of Bacillus underlying the biocontrol of cucumber wilt is rarely reported. In this study, B. subtilis strain Z-14 showed significant antagonistic activity against FOC, and the control effect reached 88.46% via pot experiment. Microscopic observations showed that strain Z-14 induced the expansion and breakage of FOC hyphae. The cell wall thickness was uneven, and the organelle structure was degraded. The combined analysis of metabolome and transcriptome showed that strain Z-14 inhibited the FOC infection by inhibiting the synthesis of cell wall and cell membrane, energy metabolism, and amino acid synthesis of FOC mycelium, inhibiting the clearance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the secretion of cell wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs), thereby affecting mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction and inhibiting the transport function.

Antifungal Peptide P852 Effectively Controls Fusarium oxysporum, a Wilt-Causing Fungus, by Affecting the Glucose Metabolism and Amino Acid Metabolism as well as Damaging Mitochondrial Function

“…33 Fu et al mentioned that arginine and proline metabolisms are closely related to the pathogenicity of fungi. 34 Similar to our results, Liu et al found that B. subtilis strain Z-14 and its antifungal lipopeptide conjugation were able to affect the energy synthesis and amino acid metabolism in F. oxysporum. 35 Aromatic amino acid metabolism, such as tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan, is usually associated with defense reactions such as the mangiferic acid pathway.…”

“…subtilis strain Z-14 and its antifungal lipopeptide conjugation were able to affect the energy synthesis and amino acid metabolism in F. oxysporum . Aromatic amino acid metabolism, such as tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan, is usually associated with defense reactions such as the mangiferic acid pathway .…”

1,2,4‐Triazole benzamide derivative TPB against Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici as a novel dual‐target fungicide inhibiting ergosterol synthesis and adenine nucleotide transferase function

“…We also compared the fold change of qRT-PCR versus RNAseq for the DEGs verified by qPCR. RNA-seq data were highly correlated with qPCR data (y = 1.087x-0.1659, R 2 = 0.97), which confirmed the reliability of RNA-seq data 48 (Fig. 9(B)).…”

Evaluation of antifungal activity against Corynespora cassiicola by bacteria isolated from soil in the root zone of cucumber plants

“…Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) are naturally occurring soil bacteria that can suppress plant diseases through antibiosis, induced systemic resistance, and competition with pathogens for nutrients and space (Lugtenberg and Kamilova 2009). Prior studies have demonstrated the potential effectiveness of PGPR applications against various major cucumber pathogens, including Fusarium oxysporum, Colletotrichum orbiculare, and Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Abo-Elyousr et al 2022;Ganphung et al 2022;Liu et al 2023). However, there is still limited research exploring the utilization of PGPR as a biocontrol agent specifically targeting C. cassiicola in cucumbers.…”