Metabolomic analysis of urinary organic acids following intraperitoneal injection with γ-hydroxybutyric acid in rats

et al. 2018

Preprint

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1) Background: Recently, illegal abuse of γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) has increased in drug-facilitated crimes, but determination of GHB exposure and intoxication is difficult due to rapid metabolism of GHB. Its biochemical mechanism has not been completely investigated. And metabolomic study by polyamine profile and pattern analyses was not performed in rat urinefollowing intraperitoneal injection with GHB. 2) Methods: Polyamine profiling analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with star pattern recognition analysis was performed in this study. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to evaluate discrimination between control and GHB administration groups. 3) Results: Six polyamines were determined in control, single and multiple GHB administration groups. Star pattern showed distorted hexagonal shapes with characteristic and readily distinguishable patterns for each group. N1-Acetylspermine (p < 0.001), putrescine (p <0.006), N1-acetylspermidine (p <0.009), and spermine (p < 0.027) were significantly increased in single administration group but were significantly lower in the multiple administration group than in the control group. N1-Acetylspermine was the main polyamine for discrimination between control, single and multiple administration groups. Spermine showed similar levels in single and multiple administration groups. 4) Conclusions: The polyamine metabolic pattern was monitored in GHB administration groups. N1-Acetylspermine and spermine were evaluated as potential biomarkers of GHB exposure and addiction.

“…1). This metabolic pattern of PA profiling was similar to the metabolic pattern of organic acid profiling in our previous report [21]. Table 1.…”

Section: Star Pattern Recognition Analysissupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Metabolomic Study of Polyamines in Rat Urine Following Intraperitoneal Injection of γ-Hydroxybutyric Acid

Lee

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…OA profiling analysis was performed as we previously described . Briefly, ginseng aliquots (5 mg) containing 3,4‐dimethoxybenzoic acid (0.1 μg) as IS were spiked into deionized water (1 mL) and reacted with methoxyamine hydrochloride (1 mg) under alkaline conditions (pH ≥12) at 60 °C for 30 min for conversion into MO derivative.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Normalized levels were then plotted as lines radiating from a common central point. The far ends of the 17 lines for ginseng samples were then joined together to produce star patterns for environmentally friendly and conventionally cultured roots using MS Excel program (Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA), as described previously …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of Organic Acids in Ginseng Roots Produced by Conventional and Environmentally Friendly Farming by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

Bulletin Korean Chem Soc

et al. 2018

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Metabolomic analysis of organic acids has not been performed for evaluation whether ginseng has been cultivated using conventional or environmental‐friendly farming methods. In this study, profiling analysis was conducted for organic acids (OAs) in ginseng roots produced using conventional or environment‐friendly farming methods at five locations in each of five regions. In OA profiles, lactic acid was the most abundant OA in all regions, with the exception for environmentally friendly farmed ginseng in two of the five regions, in which glycolic acid was most abundant OA. OA profiles in all regions showed isocitric acid levels were increased by environment‐friendly cultivation, which suggests metabolic differences associated from farming method, and that isocitric acid might be a useful discriminatory biomarker of environmental‐friendly and conventional cultivation. The results of the present study suggest metabolomic studies of OAs in ginseng roots might be useful for monitoring whether ginseng has been cultivated using conventional or environmentally friendly farming methods.

Metabolomic analysis of amino acids and organic acids in aging mouse eyes using gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Park

Biomedical Chromatography

et al. 2022

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This is a metabolomics study for monitoring altered amino acid (AA) and organic acid (OA) metabolism of in eyes from aging an mouse model at 8 and 18 weeks and 18 months. Simultaneous metabolic profiling analysis of OAs and AAs was performed as ethoxycarbonyl/methoxime/tert-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 42 metabolites-24 AAs and 18 OAs-were determined and their composition values were normalized to the corresponding mean values of 8-week-old mice as the control group. Then their normalized values were plotted as star graphs, which were distorted and readily distinguishable for each age-related group. Among the 42 metabolites, 18 AAs and 11 OAs were age dependent and significantly different (p < 0.05). Principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis showed unclear separation between 8-and 18-week-old mice but clear separation between these and 18-month-old mice. In particular, the variable importance in projection scores of 4-hydroxyproline, cis-aconitic acid, glycine, isocitric acid, leucine, pipecolic acid and lysine from partial least-squares-discriminant analysis were higher than 1.3. A heatmap for the classification and visualization of 42 metabolites showed differences in metabolite changes with aging. Altered AA and OA profiles were monitored, which may explain the metabolic disturbance of AA and OA. These findings are related to mitochondrial dysfunctions related to energy metabolism and the impaired antioxidant system in the aging eye. Therefore, the present metabolomics results of the association between physiological states and altered metabolism of AA and OA will be useful for understanding the aging eye and related diseases.