Metabolomic analysis of primary human skeletal muscle cells during myogenic progression

Abstract

Skeletal muscle constitutes more than 30% of total body mass using substrates such as glycogen, glucose, free fatty acids, and creatinine phosphate to generate energy. consequently, multinucleated myofibers and resident mononucleated stem cells (satellite cells) generate several metabolites, which enter into circulation affecting the function of other organs, especially during exercise and atrophy. The present study was aimed at building a comprehensive profile of metabolites in primary human skeletal muscle cells during myogenic progression in an untargeted metabolomics approach using a high resolution Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid Mass Spectrometer. Identification of metabolites with multivariate statistical analyses showed a global shift in metabolomic profiles between myoblasts undergoing proliferation and differentiation along with distinctly separable profiles between early and late differentiating cultures. Pathway analyses of 71 unique metabolites revealed that Pantothenate metabolism and coenzyme A biosynthesis and Arginine proline metabolism play dominant roles in proliferating myoblasts, while metabolites involved in vitamin B6, Glyoxylate and Dicarboxylate, Nitrogen, Glutathione, and Tryptophan metabolism were upregulated during differentiation. We found that early and late differentiating cultures displayed differences in Phenylalanine, tyrosine, Glycine, Serine and threonine metabolism. our results identify metabolites during maturation of muscle from progenitor myoblasts that have implications in muscle regeneration and pathophysiology. Skeletal muscle physiology is critically dependent on the functionality of a progenitor population called, "satellite cells" that proliferate and differentiate to form multinucleated myofibers, thereby contributing to muscle regeneration during injury or exercise 1-4. Conversely, defects in satellite cell function can result in loss of muscle mass and decline in performance that is frequently observed in chronic illnesses and aging 5. In this aspect, the field of metabolomics has emerged with the intention of providing a comprehensive profile of metabolites and low molecular weight molecules in specific organ tissues, thereby enabling precision medicine and biomarker discovery in various disease states 6. Thus, identification of metabolic pathways during myogenic progression may provide information on energy requirements of cells during various physiological states of the muscle tissue. Recent studies have characterised the skeletal muscle metabolome during strenuous exercise in humans, neuromuscular diseases such as Pompe disease and Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, daily variations in tissue metabolites vis-à-vis nutritional challenges, overexpression of metabolic regulators, and aging 7-12. Metabolic profiles of young, post-mortem, and aging murine satellite cells have also been evaluated using measurement of mitochondrial function and analysis of metabolic gene signatures associated with different myogenic cell cycle states 13,14. Thus, studies from murine myogenic cell...

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