Metabolome-microbiome signatures in the fermented beverage, Kombucha

Villarreal-Soto, Silvia Alejandra; Bouajila, Jalloul; Pace, M; Leech, John; Cotter, Paul D.; Souchard, Jean‐Pierre; Taillandier, Patricia; Beaufort, Sandra

doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108778

Cited by 116 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The idea that biochemical properties of the environment contribute to spatial variability within a microbial community is not new [ 61 ]. In Lambic beer fermentations, Roos et al [ 62 ] found higher AAB counts correlated with higher metabolic activity (increased production of acetic acid, acetoin, and ethyl acetate) at the air/liquid interface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Composition of SCOBY Starter Cultures Used by Commercial Kombucha Brewers in North America

Harrison

Curtin

2021

Microorganisms

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Kombucha fermentation is initiated by transferring a solid-phase cellulosic pellicle into sweetened tea and allowing the microbes that it contains to initiate the fermentation. This pellicle, commonly referred to as a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY), floats to the surface of the fermenting tea and represents an interphase environment, where embedded microbes gain access to oxygen as well as nutrients in the tea. To date, various yeast and bacteria have been reported to exist within the SCOBY, with little consensus as to which species are essential and which are incidental to Kombucha production. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing approaches to evaluate spatial homogeneity within a single commercial SCOBY and taxonomic diversity across a large number (n = 103) of SCOBY used by Kombucha brewers, predominantly in North America. Our results show that the most prevalent and abundant SCOBY taxa were the yeast genus Brettanomyces and the bacterial genus Komagataeibacter, through careful sampling of upper and lower SCOBY layers. This sampling procedure is critical to avoid over-representation of lactic acid bacteria. K-means clustering was used on metabarcoding data of all 103 SCOBY, delineating four SCOBY archetypes based upon differences in their microbial community structures. Fungal genera Zygosaccharomyces, Lachancea and Starmerella were identified as the major compensatory taxa for SCOBY with lower relative abundance of Brettanomyces. Interestingly, while Lactobacillacae was the major compensatory taxa where Komagataeibacter abundance was lower, phylogenic heat-tree analysis infers a possible antagonistic relationship between Starmerella and the acetic acid bacterium. Our results provide the basis for further investigation of how SCOBY archetype affects Kombucha fermentation, and fundamental studies of microbial community assembly in an interphase environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Composition of SCOBY Starter Cultures Used by Commercial Kombucha Brewers in North America

Harrison

Curtin

2021

Microorganisms

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“…Shotgun metagenomics allows to overcome the challenges that affect both assembly based and mapping‐based metagenomic profiling (Laudadio et al ., 2019), particularly, of high‐complexity samples (Walsh et al ., 2016; Seol et al ., 2019; Sirén et al ., 2019), including KMC (Arıkan et al ., 2020; Villarreal‐Soto et al ., 2020). Hence, we have implemented a shotgun metagenomic approach to gather an unbiased snapshot of the community structure and potential functionality in KMC that were previously exposed to space and different levels of Mars‐like conditions, simulated on low Earth orbit outside the International Space Station (ISS), within the BIOMEX project (de Vera et al ., 2019; Podolich et al ., 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shotgun metagenomic analysis of kombucha mutualistic community exposed to Mars‐like environment outside the International Space Station

Goés-Neto

Kukharenko

Orlovska

et al. 2021

Environmental Microbiology

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Kombucha is a multispecies microbial ecosystem mainly composed of acetic acid bacteria and osmophilic acid-tolerant yeasts, which is used to produce a probiotic drink. Furthermore, Kombucha Mutualistic Community (KMC) has been recently proposed to be used during long space missions as both a living functional fermented product to improve astronauts' health and an efficient source of bacterial nanocellulose. In this study, we compared KMC structure and functions before and after samples were exposed to the space/Mars-like environment outside the International Space Station in order to investigate the changes related to their re-adaptation to Earth-like conditions by shotgun metagenomics, using both diversity and functional analyses of Community Ecology and Complex Networks approach. Our study revealed that the long-term exposure to space/Mars-like conditions on low Earth orbit may disorganize the KMC to such extent that it will not restore the initial community structure; however, KMC core microorganisms of the community were maintained. Nonetheless, there were no significant differences in the community functions, meaning that the KMC communities are ecologically resilient. Therefore, despite the extremely harsh conditions, key KMC species revived and provided the community with the genetic background needed to survive long periods of time under extraterrestrial conditions.

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“…Recent metagenomics screening predicted the presence of opportunistic bacteria like Bacillus, Pseudomonas etc. [23,24], bacteriophages and even yeast viruses [25]. Yeast fraction changes in genera composition depending on geographical origin, and it consists of representatives of Zygosaccharomyces, Brettanomyces, Schizosaccharomyces, Saccharomyces, and Pichia [19].…”

Section: Kombucha Biological Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chemical analysis of kombucha revealed organic acids: acetic, gluconic, glucuronic, citric, L-lactic, malic, tartaric, malonic, oxalic, succinic, pyruvic, usnic; sugars: sucrose, glucose, fructose, and cellulose; vitamins B1, B2, B6, B12,K 2 and C; 14 amino acids; biogenic amines; purines; pigments; lipids; proteins; hydrolytic enzymes; ethanol; polyols; antibiotics; carbon dioxide; tea polyphenols; minerals Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn; anions; insufficiently known products of yeast and bacterial metabolites; rutin and kombucha-specific theobromine [28][29][30].…”

Section: Kombucha Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Cellulose: Multipurpose Biodegradable Robust Nanomaterial

Kołodziejczyk¹

2021

Cellulose Science and Derivatives

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One of actual global problem is clothes and packing materials biodegradability leading to tremendous water contamination. In order to develop ecologically friendly, game-changing in global industry fabric production, we propose a concept to implement kombucha. Kombucha is a symbiotic bacteria and yeast multispecies consortium producing the most abundant polymer on Earth - bacterial cellulose. There are many advantages of bacterial cellulose that are widely used in medicine, material science, food industry and waste management. Unfortunately: long time of bacterial cellulose polymerisation process, lack of its control, diversity in biological composition, finally, acidic smell and disturbances of kombucha growth - all this issues limit the interest of kombucha use to replace easy-accessible and widely applied synthetic materials. In this chapter will be described a revolutionary concept to develop practical and sustainable use of bacterial cellulose as natural alternative for synthetic materials, particularly for a synthetic fabrics and plastics replacement. The optimal cultivation conditions and examples of bacterial cellulose in applications for daily life will be explained.

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Metabolome-microbiome signatures in the fermented beverage, Kombucha

Abstract: Metabolome-microbiome signatures in the fermented beverage, Kombucha.

Cited by 116 publications

References 52 publications

Microbial Composition of SCOBY Starter Cultures Used by Commercial Kombucha Brewers in North America

Microbial Composition of SCOBY Starter Cultures Used by Commercial Kombucha Brewers in North America

Shotgun metagenomic analysis of kombucha mutualistic community exposed to Mars‐like environment outside the International Space Station

Bacterial Cellulose: Multipurpose Biodegradable Robust Nanomaterial

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