Metabolites of the fragrance 2-(4-tert-butylbenzyl)propionaldehyde (lysmeral) in urine of children and adolescents in Germany – Human biomonitoring results of the German Environmental Survey 2014–2017 (GerES V)

Lysmeral Exposure in Children and Adolescences Participating in the German Environmental Survey (2012–2015): Integrating Sex/Gender into Analysis

“…According to the analysis in Murawski et al, age and sex were the most significant influence factors with girls being the highest-exposed group. Our study confirms and differentiates results from Murawski et al [ 28 ]. The main additional explanatory value lies in the identification of sex/gender-dependent exposure mechanisms and identification of the additional highly exposed group of the young children.…”

“…All covariates were included into the analysis at once, with one analysis each for TBBA and lysmerol, for both volume-based concentrations as well as creatinine-adjusted. Overall and regardless of decision tree specifics, the analyses supported the study Murawski et al, (2020). Table 1 shows all covariates selected by the decision trees, which are identical to the ones identified in the previous study.…”

“…The aim of this study was the retrospective analysis of human biomonitoring data using a new thought basis for exploring sex/gender differences in lysmeral exposure. The results of the univariable analysis have shown a positive association between urinary concentrations of lysmeral metabolites and use of personal care products, perfumes and fabric softener [ 28 ]. This corresponds to authorized use of the compound in consumer products according to the REACH Regulation (EC 1907/2006) [ 39 ].…”

“…In addition, lysmeral is suspected of being skin sensitizing and having a hormone-disrupting effect. Differences in chemical body burden of male and female participants as well as positive associations of use of personal care products, fragrances and fabric softener with urinary concentrations of lysmeral metabolites have been shown previously [28]. Based on these first descriptive analyses, we used the INGER sex/gender concept to investigate the observed effects related to the binary sex/gender stratification in more detail.…”

Optimized workflow for unknown screening using gas chromatography high‐resolution mass spectrometry expands identification of contaminants in silicone personal passive samplers

“…Four of these were included in the 123-compound reference mix (1-methylnaphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene, naphthalene, and triethyl phosphate) and three additional compounds (2-phenylnaphthalene, lilial, and octrizole) were confirmed after purchasing standards. Lilial is an aromatic compound used in personal care products 48,49 and octrizole is a UV stabilizer also referred to as UV-329. 50,51 Four phthalate standards were purchased (diethyl, dibutyl, di-n-octyl, and di-isononyl phthalate) and their fragmentation patterns matched the experimental and library spectra, although the retention times did not match.…”