Metabolites contributing to Rhizoctonia solani AG-1-IA maturation and sclerotial differentiation revealed by UPLC-QTOF-MS metabolomics

Abstract

Rhizoctonia solani is a causative agent of sheath blight, which results in huge economic losses every year. During its life cycle, the formation of sclerotia helps Rhizoctonia solani withstand a variety of unfavorable factors. Oxidative stress is a key factor that induces sclerotium formation. The differentiated and undifferentiated phenotypes of R. solani AG-1-IA were obtained by controlling aerial conditions. Metabolomics based on the mass spectrometry technique combined with multivariate and univariate analyses was used to investigate the metabolic variation in vegetative, differentiated and undifferentiated mycelia. Our results revealed that during maturation, the metabolic levels of N2-acetyl-L-ornithine, 3,1'-(OH)2-Gamma-carotene, (5Z,7E)-(1S,3R)-24,24-difluoro-24a-homo-9,10-seco-5,7,10(19)-cholestatrien-1,3,25-triol, stoloniferone O, PA(O-18:0/12:0), PA(P-16:0/14:0), PA(P-16:0/16:(19Z)) and PA(P-16:0/17:2(9Z,12Z)) were suppressed in both differentiated and undifferentiated mycelia. The concentrations of PE(20:1(11Z)/14:1(9Z)), PE(P-16:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)(15OH[S])) and PS(12:0/18:1(9Z)) were increased in the differentiated group, while increased levels of N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine, tenuazonic acid and 9S,10S,11R-trihydroxy-12Z,15Z-octadecadienoic acid were found in the undifferentiated group. Our results suggest that different levels of these metabolites may act as biomarkers for the developmental stages of R. solani AG-1-IA. Moreover, the mechanisms of sclerotium formation and mycelium differentiation were elucidated at the metabolic level.

UPLC-QTOF-MS metabolomics analysis revealed the contributions of metabolites to the pathogenesis of Rhizoctonia solani strain AG-1-IA

“…The low energy and high energy were set as 15 and 45 eV, respectively. The system parameters were referenced in our previous report and are listed concisely as follows: capillary voltage 1000 V, cone voltage 30 V, desolvation gas flow 800 l/h, desolvation temperature 400°C, cone gas flow 50 l/h, and source temperature 100°C [ 25 ]. The lock spray was set at 20 s to ensure accuracy and reproducibility, and leucine–enkephalin was used as the lock mass at a concentration of 0.8 ng/μL with a flow rate of 10 μL/min.…”

UHPLC-ESI-ORBITRAP-MS analysis of the native Mapuche medicinal plant palo negro (Leptocarpha rivularis DC. – Asteraceae) and evaluation of its antioxidant and cholinesterase inhibitory properties

“…Several compounds were identified as the dietary polyhydroxylated unsaturated fatty acids known as oxylipins 27 , 52 , important antioxidant fatty acids component of foods. Peak 19 and 21 with ions [M–H] − at m/z 327.21790 and 329.23358 were identified as 9,10,12-trihydroxy-octadecadienoic acid and 9,10,12-trihydroxyoctadecaenoic acid 53 respectively (C 18 H 31 O 5 − and C 18 H 31 O 5 − ). In the same manner, peaks 22 and 23 (HESI-MS: 309.20604 and 307.19029 Daltons) were determined as 11-hydroxy-12-oxooctadeca-9,15-dienoic acid and 11-hydroxy-12-oxooctadeca-7,9,15-trienoic acid, respectively.…”

Enhanced Nicotiana benthamiana immune responses caused by heterologous plant genes from Pinellia ternata

“…For the analysis of different metabolites, the samples were prepared according to the method described by [34]. For the LC-MS analysis, Waters Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography system was used according to the method previously described by [35]. Non-transformed N. benthamiana was used as a control.…”