Metabolite profiling of Epinephelus fuscoguttatus infected with vibriosis reveals Omega 9 as potential metabolite biomarker

Integration of Omics Tools for Understanding the Fish Immune Response Due to Microbial Challenge

“…These results highlight that, after exposure to an infectious pathogen, crucial metabolites are upregulated and act as biomarkers of fish's immune response. Additionally, our previous study on brown marble grouper (E. fuscoguttatus) infected with V. vulnificus showed higher production of metabolites from omega-9 fatty acids such as palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, 6,9-octadecenoic acid, cis-erucic acid, 8,11-eicosadienoic acid and 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic using a GC-MS approach (Nurdalila et al, 2019(Nurdalila et al, , 2020. Based on this result, metabolomics profiling has the potential to investigate fish metabolic responses toward disease infection.…”

Evaluation of potential molecular interaction between quorum sensing receptor, LuxP and grouper fatty acids: in-silico screening and simulation

“…Disease resistance in grouper has been extensively studied at the molecular level through transcriptomics (Huang et al, 2011; Low et al, 2014a, 2015a; Mu et al, 2010), proteomics (Low et al, 2014b, 2015b), and metabolomics approaches (Johnson & Brown, 2011; Karakach et al, 2009). In addition to extensive studies of several metabolites with antibacterial properties (Dee & Gradle, 2011; Desbois & Smith, 2010; Heath & Rock, 2004; Ouattara et al, 1997; Zheng et al, 2005), a recently conducted study has identified highly abundant metabolites, such as icosapentaenoic acid, eicosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid, and linoleic acid in brown-marbled grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, which has resisted Vibrio vulnificus infection (Nurdalila, Mayalvanan & Baharum, 2019). Study by Zhao et al (2015) on the global metabolic response of tilapia against streptococcosis showed the involvement of specific metabolites in fish defense system against bacterial infection where they have identified l-proline contributes to the increased survival rate.…”

“…Study by Zhao et al (2015) on the global metabolic response of tilapia against streptococcosis showed the involvement of specific metabolites in fish defense system against bacterial infection where they have identified l-proline contributes to the increased survival rate. While study on the V. vulnificus resistance in grouper has identified several fatty acids that were highly abundant during infection (Nurdalila, Mayalvanan & Baharum, 2019), nine fatty acids were selected to evaluate their potential molecular interaction with quorum sensing receptor, LuxP through molecular docking and simulation analysis. The findings from this experiment would support the importance of specific metabolites in fish defense against bacterial infection.…”

“…Even though mammalian enzymes that hydrolyze the quorum sensing signaling molecules have been identified and characterized, but these enzymes were reported to be absent in model fish species (Morohoshi et al, 2008; Yang et al, 2005). Therefore, it was proposed that fish species might possess metabolic strategies to suppress bacterial pathogenicity and prevent infections (Nurdalila, Mayalvanan & Baharum, 2019; (Zhao et al, 2014, 2015). The potential of previously identified fatty acids (Nurdalila, Mayalvanan & Baharum, 2019) to interact with autoinducer-2 (AI-2) quorum sensing receptor were assessed by docking and molecular dynamic simulations in this study.…”

“…Therefore, it was proposed that fish species might possess metabolic strategies to suppress bacterial pathogenicity and prevent infections (Nurdalila, Mayalvanan & Baharum, 2019; (Zhao et al, 2014, 2015). The potential of previously identified fatty acids (Nurdalila, Mayalvanan & Baharum, 2019) to interact with autoinducer-2 (AI-2) quorum sensing receptor were assessed by docking and molecular dynamic simulations in this study. Through this computational approach, the list of fatty acids was screened by AutoDockVina (Trott & Olson, 2010) to select for the best docking position with the lowest binding affinity score toward LuxP receptor protein.…”