Metabolite profiling identifies the mycotoxin alternariol in the pathogen Stagonospora nodorum

Tan, Kar‐Chun; Trengove, Robert D.; Maker, Garth; Oliver, Richard P.; Solomon, Peter S.

doi:10.1007/s11306-009-0158-2

Cited by 46 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…The short-chain dehydrogenase Sch1 was recently demonstrated to have a role in the structural formation of the pycnidia (31). Strains of S. nodorum lacking sch1 surprisingly produced vast quantities of the mycotoxin alternariol, although this appeared to be not related to the mutant's inability to sporulate (32). Consequently, a solid platform of data is being developed to understand the intricacies of asexual sporulation in S. nodorum.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Transcription Factor StuA Regulates Central Carbon Metabolism, Mycotoxin Production, and Effector Gene Expression in the Wheat Pathogen Stagonospora nodorum

et al. 2010

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The Stagonospora nodorum StuA transcription factor gene SnStuA was identified by homology searching in the genome of the wheat pathogen Stagonospora nodorum. Gene expression analysis revealed that SnStuA transcript abundance increased throughout infection and in vitro growth to peak during sporulation. To investigate its role, the gene was deleted by homologous recombination. The growth of the resulting mutants was retarded on glucose compared to the wild-type growth, and the mutants also failed to sporulate. Glutamate as a sole carbon source restored the growth rate defect observed on glucose, although sporulation remained impaired. The SnstuA strains were essentially nonpathogenic, with only minor growth observed around the point of inoculation. The role of SnstuA was investigated using metabolomics, which revealed that this gene's product played a key role in regulating central carbon metabolism, with glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and amino acid synthesis all affected in the mutants. SnStuA was also found to positively regulate the synthesis of the mycotoxin alternariol. Gene expression studies on the recently identified effectors in Stagonospora nodorum found that SnStuA was a positive regulator of SnTox3 but was not required for the expression of ToxA. This study has uncovered a multitude of novel regulatory targets of SnStuA and has highlighted the critical role of this gene product in the pathogenicity of Stagonospora nodorum.

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The Transcription Factor StuA Regulates Central Carbon Metabolism, Mycotoxin Production, and Effector Gene Expression in the Wheat Pathogen Stagonospora nodorum

et al. 2010

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“…Subsequent analysis of the S. nodorum sch1 mutant strain revealed the massive accumulation of the mycotoxin alternariol. This was the first such identification of a mycotoxin in S. nodorum and highlighted the potential human health impact of SNB disease (Tan et al, 2009b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Alternariol is a mycotoxin and of considerable interest due to the implications it poses to human health, by exposure through crop contamination (Tan et al, 2009b). It is therefore of significant interest that the increased abundance of this secondary metabolite is also found in the near-sporulating 4 uC , cold-stressed strains.…”

Section: Dissecting the Cold-induced Sporulation Phenomenonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissecting the role of G-protein signalling in primary metabolism in the wheat pathogen Stagonospora nodorum

et al. 2013

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Mutants of the wheat pathogenic fungus Stagonospora nodorum lacking G-protein subunits display a variety of phenotypes including melanization defects, primary metabolic changes and a decreased ability to sporulate. To better understand the causes of these phenotypes, Stagonospora nodorum strains lacking a Ga, Gb or Gc subunit were compared to a wild-type strain using metabolomics. Agar plate growth at 22 6C revealed a number of fundamental metabolic changes and highlighted the influential role of these proteins in glucose utilization. A further characterization of the mutants was undertaken during prolonged storage at 4 6C, conditions known to induce sporulation in these sporulation-deficient signalling mutants. The abundance of several compounds positively correlated with the onset of sporulation including the dissacharide trehalose, the tryptophan degradation product tryptamine and the secondary metabolite alternariol; metabolites all previously associated with sporulation. Several other compounds decreased or were absent during sporulation. The levels of one such compound (Unknown_35.27_2194_319) decreased from being one of the more abundant compounds to absence during pycnidial maturation. This study has shed light on the role of G-protein subunits in primary metabolism during vegetative growth and exploited the cold-induced sporulation phenomenon in these mutants to identify some key metabolic changes that occur during asexual reproduction.

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“…Previous studies aiming toward the comprehension of plant diseases demonstrated the critical roles of host-specific proteinaceous toxins and various primary metabolic pathways for effective fungal pathogenicity. [5][6][7][8][9] Nevertheless, only a few papers regarding the capacity of this strain to produce secondary metabolites have been published, except for one mycotoxin, alternariol. 8 Recently, the whole genome sequence of S. nodorum revealed that it contains 19 genes encoding PKSs, 8 genes encoding non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), and one gene encoding a PKS-NRPS hybrid, to produce cryptic natural products that outnumber the currently known metabolites from this fungus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[5][6][7][8][9] Nevertheless, only a few papers regarding the capacity of this strain to produce secondary metabolites have been published, except for one mycotoxin, alternariol. 8 Recently, the whole genome sequence of S. nodorum revealed that it contains 19 genes encoding PKSs, 8 genes encoding non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), and one gene encoding a PKS-NRPS hybrid, to produce cryptic natural products that outnumber the currently known metabolites from this fungus. 10 However, many of these putative biosynthetic genes seem to be silent under a variety of laboratory culturing conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induced biosyntheses of a novel butyrophenone and two aromatic polyketides in the plant pathogen Stagonospora nodorum

Yang

Awakawa

Wakimoto

et al. 2013

Nat. Prod. Bioprospect.

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Fungal aromatic compounds comprise an important and structurally diverse group of secondary metabolites. Several genome sequencing projects revealed many putative biosynthetic gene clusters of fungal aromatic compounds, but many of these genes seem to be silent under typical laboratory culture conditions. To gain access to this untapped reservoir of natural products, we utilized chemical epigenetic modifiers to induce the expression of dormant biosynthetic genes. As a result, the concomitant supplementation of the histone deacetylase inhibitors suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (500 M) and nicotinamide (50 M) to the culture medium of a fungal pathogen, Stagonospora nodorum, resulted in the isolation of three aromatic compounds (1-3), including a novel natural butyrophenone, (+)-4'-methoxy-(2S)-methylbutyrophenone (1), and two known polyketides, alternariol (2) and (-)-(3R)-mellein methyl ether (3).

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Metabolite profiling identifies the mycotoxin alternariol in the pathogen Stagonospora nodorum

Cited by 46 publications

References 17 publications

The Transcription Factor StuA Regulates Central Carbon Metabolism, Mycotoxin Production, and Effector Gene Expression in the Wheat Pathogen Stagonospora nodorum

The Transcription Factor StuA Regulates Central Carbon Metabolism, Mycotoxin Production, and Effector Gene Expression in the Wheat Pathogen Stagonospora nodorum

Dissecting the role of G-protein signalling in primary metabolism in the wheat pathogen Stagonospora nodorum

Induced biosyntheses of a novel butyrophenone and two aromatic polyketides in the plant pathogen Stagonospora nodorum

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