Metabolite Profiling and Integrative Modeling Reveal Metabolic Constraints for Carbon Partitioning under Nitrogen Starvation in the Green Algae Haematococcus pluvialis

Recht, Lee; Töpfer, Nadine; Batushansky, Albert; Sikron, Noga; Gibon, Yves; Fait, Aaron; Nikoloski, Zoran; Boussiba, Sammy; Zarka, Aliza

doi:10.1074/jbc.m114.555144

Cited by 108 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Indeed, most of the studies carried out with H. pluvialis have been performed in outdoor cultures, using sunlight to induce astaxanthin production. These studies demonstrated that under environmental conditions, mainly in the summer period, and in very high illuminated areas, this microalga can grow and produce astaxanthin [33,34].…”

Section: Light Intensitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Antioxidant Carotenoids in Microalgae in Response to Physiological Stress

Faraloni¹,

Torzillo²

2017

Carotenoids

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Carotenoids act as potential antioxidants, quenching energy of excited singlet oxygen and scavenging free radicals. Among microalgae, Haematococcus, Chlamydomonas, Chlorella, Dunaliella and diatoms and dinolagellates, such as Phaeodactylum and Isochrysis, are able to synthesize large amount of carotenoids. The main function of carotenoids consists in absorbing light to perform photosynthesis, and some of them are constitutively present in the cells (primary carotenoids). The main primary carotenoids usually found are neoxanthin, violaxanthin, lutein, and β-carotene. To preserve cells from oxidative damage, their production may be increased, while other carotenoids may be synthesized de novo. In particular, under stress conditions such as high light exposure, nutrient starvation, change in oxygen partial pressure, and high or low temperatures, microalgal metabolism is altered and photosynthetic activity may be reduced. In these conditions, photosynthetic electrons transport is reduced, and the intracellular reduction level increase may be associated with the formation of free radicals and species containing singlet oxygen. In order to prevent damage from photooxidation, microalgae are able to adopt strategies to contrast these dangerous oxidant molecules. One of the most active mechanisms is to synthesize large amount of carotenoids, which can act as antioxidants.

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Section: Light Intensitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Antioxidant Carotenoids in Microalgae in Response to Physiological Stress

Faraloni¹,

Torzillo²

2017

Carotenoids

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“…In 13 C-MFA studies, Monte-Carlo sampling is a well-established way to examine the identifiability of flux distribution and to test the statistical differences of fluxes between different cellular scenarios. While some attempts have been made to implement this technique for FBA-based models (Kleessen et al, 2012;Recht et al, 2014), further advances are needed. This is particularly the case for selecting appropriate context-specific models (from the multitude that may match the high-throughput data) that will become more prominent due to the investigation of interconnected cell type-specific models.…”

Section: Future Directions and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inference and prediction of metabolic network fluxes

Nikoloski

Perez-Storey

2015

Plant Physiol.

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In this Update, we cover the basic principles of the estimation and prediction of the rates of the many interconnected biochemical reactions that constitute plant metabolic networks. This includes metabolic flux analysis approaches that utilize the rates or patterns of redistribution of stable isotopes of carbon and other atoms to estimate fluxes, as well as constraints-based optimization approaches such as flux balance analysis. Some of the major insights that have been gained from analysis of fluxes in plants are discussed, including the functioning of metabolic pathways in a network context, the robustness of the metabolic phenotype, the importance of cell maintenance costs, and the mechanisms that enable energy and redox balancing at steady state. We also discuss methodologies to exploit 'omic data sets for the construction of tissue-specific metabolic network models and to constrain the range of permissible fluxes in such models. Finally, we consider the future directions and challenges faced by the field of metabolic network flux phenotyping.The metabolic systems of plants utilize a continual energy stream (i.e. light in the case of photosynthetic tissues and chemical energy in the case of heterotrophic tissues) to drive a complex network of hundreds of chemical reactions away from equilibrium. Ultimately, this leads to the catalyzed biosynthesis of the ordered polymeric biomolecules that make up the biomass of the cells in each tissue and underpins the growth and development of the plant (Smith and Stitt, 2007). To operate on a time scale relevant for life, the system is dependent upon the acceleration of its chemistry by enzymes. Additionally, because of the highly compartmented nature of plant cells, transporter proteins are required to permit the movement of metabolites (i.e. the substrates and products of biochemical reactions) between subcellular compartments. Transporter proteins are also required to bring substrates into cells and to allow the excretion of waste products and other metabolites such as defense compounds. The sum total of expressed genes encoding enzymes and metabolite transporters determines the metabolic capabilities of a cell. In a growing tissue, the net output of this metabolism is anabolic (i.e. leading to the biosynthesis of biomass constituents such as starch, fructans, cell wall, lipid, and protein), but catabolic metabolism is also required. Most importantly, catabolism generates universal energy currencies such as ATP and NAD(P)H, whose turnover is used to provide the energetic driving force for anabolism. Catabolism is also important to allow the turnover of cellular components for regulatory and repair purposes (Linster et al., 2013;Ishihara et al., 2015). The turnover and resynthesis of cellular components, along with the maintenance of electrochemical potentials across membranes, are important facets of metabolism that need to be considered alongside the biosynthesis of macromolecules for growth (Stitt, 2013;Sweetlove et al., 2013).Metabolism, then, is the entirety of c...

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“…2b). The overall increase in TAG under nitrogen deficiency (ÀN) is most likely due to the up expression of de novo FAs biosynthesis, in addition to the conversion of polar lipids (PLs and GLs) into TAG triggered by nitrogen starvation, which has been reported in other green algae (Recht et al, 2014;Xia et al, 2015). A visible increase in relative contents of DAG, MAG and other lipid fractions following an increase of nitrogen supply was also observed.…”

Section: Lipid Composition Related To Culture Conditions and Fatty Amentioning

confidence: 58%

“…in nature habitats, because of photo-bleaching induced by long exposure to high light intensities (Ortega-Morales et al, 2013). The nitrogen deficiency had a significant positive effect on carotenoids accumulation in T. arborum and other species in the same genus (Tan et al, 1993;Abe et al, 1998), which might depend on high expression levels of enzymes involved in de novo b-carotene synthesis, resembling that for Haematococcus pluvialis, under nitrogen deficiency (Recht et al, 2014).…”

Section: Lipid Composition Related To Culture Conditions and Fatty Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent production of carotenoids and lipid by a filamentous microalga Trentepohlia arborum

Chen

Zhang

Liu

2016

Bioresource Technology

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h i g h l i g h t sT. arborum could simultaneously synthesize high amounts of carotenoids and lipid. Carotenoids (mainly b-carotene) accounted for ca. 5% in the microalgal lipid. First report of lipid and fatty acid accumulation characteristics in T. arborum. a r t i c l e i n f o t r a c tDuring the study of Trentepohlia arborum it became clear that its cells are rich in lipids and carotenoids. Thus, lipid content, composition and fatty acids profiles in individual lipid classes, as well as pigment profiles, responding to different culture conditions, were further investigated. The results showed that the predominant carotenoids and lipid fraction in total lipid in this study was b-carotene and TAG, respectively. The lipid content increased significantly under high light while nitrogen-replete conditions induced the highest carotenoids content. However, only with a double stress of high light and nitrogen-deficiency it was possible to maximize the productivities of both carotenoids and lipids. Carotenoids (mainly b-carotene) accounted for ca. 5% of the microalgal lipid under the double stress. Data herein show the potential of T. arborum for the production of both lipids and carotenoids, and hence provide an appropriate way to produce different products from T. arborum.

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Metabolite Profiling and Integrative Modeling Reveal Metabolic Constraints for Carbon Partitioning under Nitrogen Starvation in the Green Algae Haematococcus pluvialis

Cited by 108 publications

References 85 publications

Synthesis of Antioxidant Carotenoids in Microalgae in Response to Physiological Stress

Synthesis of Antioxidant Carotenoids in Microalgae in Response to Physiological Stress

Inference and prediction of metabolic network fluxes

Concurrent production of carotenoids and lipid by a filamentous microalga Trentepohlia arborum

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