Metabolite pools and carbon flow during C4photosynthesis in maize:13CO2labeling kinetics and cell type fractionation

Arrivault, Stéphanie; Obata, Toshihiro; Szecówka, Marek; Mengin, Virginie; Guenther, Manuela; Hoehne, Melanie; Fernie, Alisdair R.; Stitt, Mark

doi:10.1093/jxb/erw414

Cited by 109 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(176 reference statements)

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“…The transport mechanisms returning C 3 acids into the mesophyll following decarboxylation in the bundle sheath cell are less clear. Ala and triose phosphate seem to require modest gradients between the mesophyll and bundle sheath cell to facilitate return, but pyruvate shows small to even reverse gradients between the two cell types (Arrivault et al, 2017).…”

Section: Photosynthesis: Adding Complexity Under Fluctuating Lightmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…C 4 species have traditionally been classified by the different decarboxylating enzymes employed (i.e. NADP-ME, NAD-ME, and PEP-CK), but there is a growing consensus that C 4 plants like maize use multiple decarboxylation pathways in parallel (Pick et al, 2011;Arrivault et al, 2017). However, there are few examples of a crop plant exclusively using PEP-CK as a decarboxylation enzyme, which suggests that PEP-CK functions predominantly as a supplemental pathway supporting NADP-ME and NAD-ME decarboxylation (Wang et al, 2014a).…”

Section: Photosynthesis: Adding Complexity Under Fluctuating Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The transport of C 4 acids into bundle sheath cells is thought to occur mainly via diffusion along concentration gradients between the mesophyll and bundle sheath cells, which need to be a minimum of 5 to 10 mM to facilitate rapid transport in C 4 metabolism (Hatch and Osmond, 1976). Gradients between the two cell types have been determined experimentally for malate in maize and range between 6 and 88 mM (Leegood, 1985;Stitt and Heldt, 1985;Arrivault et al, 2017), indicating that large active C 4 acid pools are required. Therefore, during a low to high light transition, these large C 4 acid pools must accumulate to optimal values before the C 4 cycle and the C 3 cycle are synchronized.…”

Section: Photosynthesis: Adding Complexity Under Fluctuating Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While there are many potential advantages to the newly recognized flexibility of C 4 photosynthesis to utilize various metabolites with different energy balances (Stitt and Zhu, 2014), we focus here on malate transport, since we have the most data concerning its presence, specifically to estimate the total electron-buffering capacity of malate and its effective time scale. The total active malate pool was recently reported as ;5 mmol g 21 fresh weight (Arrivault et al, 2017), which translates to 1,500 mmol m…”

Section: Metabolic Pool Sizes In Fluctuating Light: a Tale Of Twomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total active pool size of metabolites upstream of malate (only PEP, pyruvate, Ala, and 3-PGA; oxaloacetate was not determined) presented by Arrivault et al (2017) is 3.6 mmol g 21 or ;1,000 mmol m 22 . This represents the capacity to provide alternative electron acceptors for ;2,000 electrons while the C 3 cycle activates and malate pools establish, or the capacity to provide 10 s of alternative electron acceptors, assuming an electron transport rate of 200 e 2 m 22 s 21 during a low to high light transition without having to initiate NPQ in the bundle sheath.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Impacts of Fluctuating Light on Crop Performance

et al. 2017

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Rapidly changing light conditions can reduce carbon gain and productivity in field crops because photosynthetic responses to light fluctuations are not instantaneous. Plant responses to fluctuating light occur across levels of organizational complexity from entire canopies to the biochemistry of a single reaction and across orders of magnitude of time. Although light availability and variation at the top of the canopy are largely dependent on the solar angle and degree of cloudiness, lower crop canopies rely more heavily on light in the form of sunflecks, the quantity of which depends mostly on canopy structure but also may be affected by wind. The ability of leaf photosynthesis to respond rapidly to these variations in light intensity is restricted by the relatively slow opening/ closing of stomata, activation/deactivation of C 3 cycle enzymes, and up-regulation/down-regulation of photoprotective processes. The metabolic complexity of C 4 photosynthesis creates the apparently contradictory possibilities that C 4 photosynthesis may be both more and less resilient than C 3 to dynamic light regimes, depending on the frequency at which these light fluctuations occur. We review the current understanding of the underlying mechanisms of these limitations to photosynthesis in fluctuating light that have shown promise in improving the response times of photosynthesis-related processes to changes in light intensity.

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Section: Photosynthesis: Adding Complexity Under Fluctuating Lightmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Photosynthesis: Adding Complexity Under Fluctuating Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Photosynthesis: Adding Complexity Under Fluctuating Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metabolic Pool Sizes In Fluctuating Light: a Tale Of Twomentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impacts of Fluctuating Light on Crop Performance

et al. 2017

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C ₄ Photosynthesis

Leegood¹

2021

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Fundamental differences in photosynthetic metabolism have been surprisingly unexploited as a means to increase plant productivity and thus provide more food and fuel, and this applies particularly to C 4 photosynthesis, despite the fact that it is the photosynthetic pathway found in maize, one of the world's major, and most productive, crops. It operates to raise the CO 2 concentration in the vicinity of Rubisco and thus to reduce the wasteful process of photorespiration. Overall, if the characteristics of C 4 photosynthesis were introduced into C 3 crops, this would increase yield, reduce land area needed for cultivation and limit both irrigation and fertiliser applications because of their improved productivity and efficiency in use of water and nitrogen. The occurrence of C 4 photosynthesis in multiple lineages, and with differing mechanisms, also provides a deep biological resource to increase our understanding of the process. Key Concepts A CO 2 ‐concentrating mechanism is a biochemical or biophysical mechanism that raises the CO 2 concentration in the vicinity of Rubisco so as to suppress oxygenation and hence photorespiration. C 4 photosynthesis is a variant of the C 3 photosynthetic pathway that provides increased efficiency in the use of CO 2 , water and nitrogen. C 4 plants include highly productive tropical grasses that are also important crop plants like maize, sugar cane and sorghum. The biochemical pump and anatomy in C 4 plants has evolved independently more than 60 times and is a striking example of convergent evolution. C 4 photosynthesis involves cooperation and transport between two clearly differentiated cell types – the mesophyll and bundle sheath cells. C 4 photosynthesis is accompanied by unique mechanisms of intracellular transport and regulation of enzymes and gene expression.

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The Importance of Experimental Design, Quality Assurance, and Control in Plant Metabolomics Experiments

Martins

Caldana

Wolf

et al. 2018

Methods in Molecular Biology

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The output of metabolomics relies to a great extent upon the methods and instrumentation to identify, quantify, and access spatial information on as many metabolites as possible. However, the most modern machines and sophisticated tools for data analysis cannot compensate for inappropriate harvesting and/or sample preparation procedures that modify metabolic composition and can lead to erroneous interpretation of results. In addition, plant metabolism has a remarkable degree of complexity, and the number of identified compounds easily surpasses the number of samples in metabolomics analyses, increasing false discovery risk. These aspects pose a large challenge when carrying out plant metabolomics experiments. In this chapter, we address the importance of a proper experimental design taking into consideration preventable complications and unavoidable factors to achieve success in metabolomics analysis. We also focus on quality control and standardized procedures during the metabolomics workflow.

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Metabolite pools and carbon flow during C₄photosynthesis in maize:¹³CO₂labeling kinetics and cell type fractionation

Abstract: Analysis of labeling kinetics, pool sizes, and concentration gradients of metabolites reveals the operation of multiple decarboxylation pathways and rapid movement of carbon between the Calvin–Benson cycle and the CO2-concentrating shuttles in maize.

Cited by 109 publications

References 78 publications

The Impacts of Fluctuating Light on Crop Performance

The Impacts of Fluctuating Light on Crop Performance

C ₄ Photosynthesis

The Importance of Experimental Design, Quality Assurance, and Control in Plant Metabolomics Experiments

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Metabolite pools and carbon flow during C4photosynthesis in maize:13CO2labeling kinetics and cell type fractionation

Abstract: Analysis of labeling kinetics, pool sizes, and concentration gradients of metabolites reveals the operation of multiple decarboxylation pathways and rapid movement of carbon between the Calvin–Benson cycle and the CO2-concentrating shuttles in maize.

Cited by 109 publications

References 78 publications

The Impacts of Fluctuating Light on Crop Performance

The Impacts of Fluctuating Light on Crop Performance

C 4 Photosynthesis

The Importance of Experimental Design, Quality Assurance, and Control in Plant Metabolomics Experiments

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Product

Resources

About

Metabolite pools and carbon flow during C₄photosynthesis in maize:¹³CO₂labeling kinetics and cell type fractionation

C ₄ Photosynthesis