Metabolite interactions between host and microbiota during health and disease: Which feeds the other?

Zhang, Yan; Chen, Rui; Zhang, DuoDuo; Qi, Shuang; Liu, Yan

doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114295

Cited by 41 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 475 publications

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“…In the recent years, aromatic lactic acids received attention as metabolites produced by lactic acid bacteria and present in fermented foods that can be absorbed from the gut in humans [16, 23, 24]. To assess whether the aromatic lactic acids in plasma could also be produced endogenously by skeletal muscle, we investigated samples from a separate study performed in healthy subjects.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other examples of exercise-regulated intermediary metabolites with extracellular signalling function include succinate, lactate, and beta-aminoisobutyric acid [8,[12][13][14]. In addition to endogenous metabolites, small molecules produced by the microbiota have been shown to modulate host energy metabolism and furthermore, immune cell function and inflammation [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenyllactic Acid is Physiologically Released from Skeletal Muscle and Contributes to the Beneficial Effects of Physical Exercise in Humans

Hoene,

Zhao,

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Methods We studied acute exercise- and training-induced changes in plasma metabolites in sedentary subjects with overweight (8 male, 14 female) participating in an eight-week supervised training program flanked by two acute endurance exercise sessions. Plasma metabolites were quantified using LC- and CE-MS. In a separate study (n=9 lean males), we assessed metabolite fluxes over the leg using arterial and venous catheters. Functional analyses were performed in primary blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or the saturated fatty acid palmitate. Results The amino acid breakdown products 3-phenyllactic acid (PLA), 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid and indolelactic acid were increased after both acute exercise and training. All three aromatic lactic acids, which so far mainly received attention as bacterial metabolites, exhibited an efflux from the leg. PLA showed the largest increase after both acute exercise and training, of 57% and 20% respectively. The magnitude of the acute exercise-induced increase in PLA correlated with a decrease in subcutaneous adipose tissue volume and an improvement in insulin sensitivity over the course of the intervention. Furthermore, both isomers, D and L-PLA, counteracted inflammatory cytokine production in PBMCs. Conclusions/interpretation Our findings indicate that PLA is physiologically released from skeletal muscle and can contribute to the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise as well as to individual difference in the response to lifestyle interventions in humans. PLA and potentially, aromatic lactic acids in general may be particularly relevant metabolic regulators because they can be produced both endogenously and by the microbiome.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenyllactic Acid is Physiologically Released from Skeletal Muscle and Contributes to the Beneficial Effects of Physical Exercise in Humans

Hoene,

Zhao,

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Consistent with these results, we found that the GOS supplement prevented the decrease in the abundance of Firmicute and Lactobacillus and the increase in the abundance of Actinobacteria caused by the LPS challenge. Additionally, gut microbes are known to produce or modify metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, BAs, neurotransmitters, and amino acids . Among them, gut microbes modify BAs metabolism to generate unconjugated BAs and secondary BAs via microbial enzymes, including bacterial bile salt hydrolase (BSH) enzymes, bacterial stereospecific hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDH), and 7α-dehydroxylase. , Coincidentally, as the differential bacteria between the GOS supplement with the LPS challenge group and the LPS challenge group, Lactobacillus was reported to exhibit a high BSH enzyme activity, which suggested that the GOS supplement with LPS challenge group had a stronger deconjugation ability to conjugate BAs than that of the LPS challenge group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galacto-Oligosaccharides Alleviate LPS-Induced Immune Imbalance in Small Intestine through Regulating Gut Microbe Composition and Bile Acid Pool

Tian,

Wang,

Gao

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Recent evidence suggests that the protective effect of gut microbiota on intestinal inflammation can be achieved through a microbe-bile acids (BAs) mechanism. Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are a kind of prebiotic that alter gut microbiota composition. To verify whether GOS has a protective effect on intestinal inflammation through a microbe-BAs mechanism, this research was performed in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) porcine model with the presence or absence of GOS. GOS prevented LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, the decrease of bacterial bile salt hydrolase-containing bacteria abundance, and the decrease of chendoxycholic acid (CDCA) level in piglets. Additionally, CDCA decreased LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, induced the expression of the takeda G-protein receptor 5 (TGR5), and its downstream cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production in lamina propria-derived CD11b+ cells. The cAMP inhibitor eliminated the protective effect of CDCA on lamina propria-derived CD11b+ cells. These results suggested that GOS reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibited NF-κB activation via microbe-BA-dependent TGR5-cAMP signaling in LPS-challenged piglets.

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“…91 Conversely, changes in local oxygen levels during inflammation and disease may dramatically alter host-microbe dynamics. 92 However, replicating these conditions within organoid models is complex, as the standard oxygen concentration in organoid cultures (around 20%) contrasts sharply with the in vivo reality of less than 5% oxygen. 17,90 Creating stable and reproducible oxygen gradients across organoid cultures presents a technical challenge, but recent advances such as microfluidic organoid culture devices and oxygen-permeable scaffolds offer promising tools for maintaining controlled oxygen levels.…”

Section: Modeling Oxygen Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Technologies for Studying Microbiome–Female Reproductive Tract Interactions: Organoids, Organoids-on-a-Chip, and Beyond

Kaya,

de Zoete,

Steba

2023

Semin Reprod Med

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The female reproductive tract (FRT) is home to diverse microbial communities that play a pivotal role in reproductive health and disorders such as infertility, endometriosis, and cervical cancer. To understand the complex host–microbiota interactions within the FRT, models that authentically replicate the FRT's environment, including the interplay between the microbiota, mucus layer, immune system, and hormonal cycle, are key. Recent strides in organoid and microfluidic technologies are propelling research in this domain, offering insights into FRT–microbiota interactions and potential therapeutic avenues. This review delves into the current state of FRT organoid models and microbe integration techniques, evaluating their merits and challenges for specific research objectives. Emphasis is placed on innovative approaches and applications, including integrating organoids with microfluidics, and using patient-derived biobanks, as this offers potential for deeper mechanistic insights and personalized therapeutic strategies. Modeling various FRT properties in organoids is explored, from encompassing age-related epithelial features, oxygen levels, and hormonal effects to mucus layers, immune responses, and microbial interactions, highlighting their potential to transform reproductive health research and predict possible outcomes.

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Metabolite interactions between host and microbiota during health and disease: Which feeds the other?

Cited by 41 publications

References 475 publications

Phenyllactic Acid is Physiologically Released from Skeletal Muscle and Contributes to the Beneficial Effects of Physical Exercise in Humans

Phenyllactic Acid is Physiologically Released from Skeletal Muscle and Contributes to the Beneficial Effects of Physical Exercise in Humans

Galacto-Oligosaccharides Alleviate LPS-Induced Immune Imbalance in Small Intestine through Regulating Gut Microbe Composition and Bile Acid Pool

Advanced Technologies for Studying Microbiome–Female Reproductive Tract Interactions: Organoids, Organoids-on-a-Chip, and Beyond

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