Metabolite analysis of endophytic fungi from cultivars of Zingiber officinale Rosc. identifies myriad of bioactive compounds including tyrosol

Abstract

Endophytic fungi associated with rhizomes of four cultivars of Zingiber officinale were identified by molecular and morphological methods and evaluated for their activity against soft rot pathogen Pythium myriotylum and clinical pathogens. The volatile bioactive metabolites produced by these isolates were identified by GC-MS analysis of the fungal crude extracts. Understanding of the metabolites produced by endophytes is also important in the context of raw consumption of ginger as medicine and spice. A total of fifteen isolates were identified from the four varieties studied. The various genera identified were Acremonium sp., Gliocladiopsis sp., Fusarium sp., Colletotrichum sp., Aspergillus sp., Phlebia sp., Earliella sp., and Pseudolagarobasidium sp. The endophytic community was unique to each variety, which could be due to the varying host genotype. Fungi from phylum Basidiomycota were identified for the first time from ginger. Seven isolates showed activity against Pythium, while only two showed antibacterial activity. The bioactive metabolites identified in the fungal crude extracts include tyrosol, benzene acetic acid, ergone, dehydromevalonic lactone, N-aminopyrrolidine, and many bioactive fatty acids and their derivatives which included linoleic acid, oleic acid, myristic acid, nhexadecanoic acid, palmitic acid methyl ester, and methyl linoleate. The presence of these varying bioactive endophytic fungi may be one of the reasons for the differences in the performance of the different ginger varieties.

Chemical analysis and anticancer activity of sesterterpenoid from an endophytic fungus Hypomontagnella monticulosa Zg15SU and its host Zingiber griffithii Baker

“…Endophytic fungi isolated from four ginger cultivars ( Zingiber officinale ) were known to produce a myriad of bioactive fatty acids, one of which was oleic acid. It was assumed that a different composition of fatty acids among ginger cultivars was structured by native endophytic fungi ( Anisha and Radhakrishnan, 2017 ). Oleic acid along with linoleic acid and sciadonic acid were the shared components identified by GC-MS between lipid-producing endophytic fungus and its host, the Chinese Torreya grandis ( Yang et al.…”

“…Zingiberaceae is a medicinal plant family regularly used in traditional remedies and as herbal medicine, especially in Indonesia (Fernando and Nursyahra, 2008;Hartanto et al 2014;Juwita et al 2018). The associative endophytes have been reported from various sources leading to the progressive development of study and exploration of diverse endophytic fungi harbouring different habitats (Ginting et al 2013;Anisha and Radhakrishnan, 2017;Hastuti et al, 2008). A vast number of endophytic fungi in Zingiberaceaen species may also indicate an inter-relationship among the fungi within the plant tissue in the way of the co-synthesis of desired phytochemicals.…”

Isolation and Characterization of an Endophytic Fungus Colletotrichum coccodes Producing Tyrosol From Houttuynia cordata Thunb. Using ITS2 RNA Secondary Structure and Molecular Docking Study

“…(Cimmino et al, 2017), Diaporthella cryptica (Cimmino et al, 2018). Moreover, several studies have also reported tyrosol from the bioactive extracts of endophytic Colletotrichum (Colletotrichum gleosporoides, Colletotrichum crassipes) (Anisha and Radhakrishnan, 2017;Masi et al, 2018;Plotnikov and Plotnikova, 2020). However, the report of its isolation from C. coccodes is limited.…”

Antagonistic Fungal Endophytes Colonizing Rhizome of Amomum centrocephalum A.D. Poulsen from North Sumatera, Indonesia

“…However, the existence of endophytic fungi in the rhizome part of Zingiberaceae family may be different across members and cultivars. Different metabolite profiles of endophytic fungi were reported through the study of four Zingiber officinale cultivars collected from Rio de Janeiro and India, explaining varieties of host genotypes [34]. Assemblages of fungal community were also reported to be different among plant parts in one species.…”