Metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and transfer of lipids to high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in vegan and omnivore subjects

Vegetarians, those who avoid meat, and vegans, additionally avoiding dairy and eggs, represent 5% and 2%, respectively, of the US population. The aim of this review is to assess the effects of vegetarian diets, particularly strict vegetarian diets (i.e., vegans) on health and disease outcomes. We summarized available evidence from three prospective cohorts of Adventists in North America: Adventist Mortality Study, Adventist Health Study, and Adventist Health Study-2. Non-vegetarian diets were compared to vegetarian dietary patterns (i.e., vegan and lacto-ovo-vegetarian) on selected health outcomes. Vegetarian diets confer protection against cardiovascular diseases, cardiometabolic risk factors, some cancers and total mortality. Compared to lacto-ovo-vegetarian diets, vegan diets seem to offer additional protection for obesity, hypertension, type-2 diabetes, and cardiovascular mortality. Males experience greater health benefits than females. Limited prospective data is available on vegetarian diets and body weight change. Large randomized intervention trials on the effects of vegetarian diet patterns on neurological and cognitive functions, obesity, diabetes, and other cardiovascular outcomes are warranted to make meaningful recommendations.

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“…Vinagre et al . [66] showed that vegan diets improved metabolic pathways of cholesterol remnant removal from circulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Meatless, the Health Effects of Vegan Diets: Findings from the Adventist Cohorts

2014

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“…Vegans may benefit not only from lower LDL levels, but also from the fact that they tend to remove detrimental components ('atherogenic remnants') more quickly from the blood (Vinagre et al 2013). In addition, several studies have associated reduced risks of cardio-vascular disease with high intakes of fruits, vegetables, and nuts (Finks et al 2012;Takachi et al 2008;He et al 2006;Mozaffarian et al 2011;Hu 2003;Jenkins et al 1997;Sacks et al 1999).…”

Section: Cardio-vascular Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vegan diets have also been shown to help in the treatment of type 2 diabetes by lowering total and LDL cholesterol and by controlling lipid levels, for example by reducing triglycerides, a type of fat that is also associated with a greater risk of heart disease Barnard et al 2006;Barnard et al 2009Tonstad et al 2009;Vinagre et al 2013). Many vegan diets have a low glycaemic index (GI) and a fairly low glycaemic load.…”

Section: Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%