Metabolism of Pyrithiobac Sodium in Soils and Sediment, Addressing Bound Residues via Kinetics Modeling

Abstract

Degradation of pyrithiobac sodium (PE350) was examined in a number of soils and sediments using (14)C-PE350. It degrades primarily via microbial degradation which leads to the separation of the two rings of the molecule. Identification of several metabolites, many of which were minor products, helped to understand the formation of nonextractable residues (NER) and (14)CO2. In all studies, unextractable residues accounted for a large portion (20-60%) of the residues. Traditional kinetics modeling treats NER and CO2 as a single compartment, stated as sink, and formation mechanism of such components individually is ignored. Since studies conducted with radiolabeled test substance provides an accurate measurement of NER and CO2, we have demonstrated that kinetics modeling with these compartments separately can be used to clarify degradation pathways, including the origin of NER and CO2. This work demonstrated that overall metabolism in soils and sediments proceeded via similar pathways, and kinetics modeling was useful in clarifying the degradation route and formation of NER in all studies.

Clinical verification of the relationship between serum lipid metabolism and immune activity in breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy

“…In this study, patients with reduced tumor size had significantly higher TG levels after NAC in only TNBC. Sharma et al reported that some chemotherapy agents affect serum lipid levels by regulating the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in liver cells [32]. Therefore, it is considered that there is a correlation between the effects of NAC and lipid metabolism in TNBC.…”

Clinical verification of the relationship between serum lipid metabolism and immune activity in breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy

“…In this study, patients with reduced tumor size had signi cantly higher TG levels after NAC in only TNBC. Sharma et al reported that some chemotherapy agents affect serum lipid levels by regulating the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in liver cells [30].…”

A novel μ3-CO3 bridged linear polymeric Cu-complex ([Cu3(DMAP)8(μ3-CO3)2]I2)n·xH2O: synthesis, characterization and catalytic applications in the synthesis of phenoxypyrimidines and arylthiopyrimidines via C–O and C–S cross-coupling reactions

“…Similarly, arylthiopyrimidines are found to possess activities such as human immunodeciency virus type 1 (HIV-1) inhibitory, 42,43 Hsp70 (heat shock protein 70) inhibitory, 44 and herbicidal activity. 45,46 Apart from their biological signicances, phenoxypyrimidines and arylthiopyrimidines have acquired wide applications as substrates for various organic transformations including the ortho C-H functionalization of phenols and the preparation of other valued products. [47][48][49][50][51] Phenoxypyrimidines are commonly synthesized by the nucleophilic substitution reaction, which includes Williamson ether synthesis 30,[32][33][34]40,[52][53][54][55] and the removal of -Ms ion by phenolate ion.…”

“…Similarly, arylthiopyrimidines are found to possess activities such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) inhibitory, 42,43 Hsp70 (heat shock protein 70) inhibitory, 44 and herbicidal activity. 45,46 Apart from their biological significances, phenoxypyrimidines and arylthiopyrimidines have acquired wide applications as substrates for various organic transformations including the ortho C–H functionalization of phenols and the preparation of other valued products. 47–51…”