Metabolism of nivalenol and nivalenol-3-glucoside in rats

Schwartz-Zimmermann, Heidi E.; Binder, Sabina B; Hametner, Christian; Miró-Abella, Eugènia; Michlmayr, Herbert; Reiterer, Nicole; Labudova, Silvia; Adam, Gerhard; Berthiller, Franz

doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.02.006

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Only one MS 2 spectrum was obtained for the second peak, Supplementary Figure S21b. However, previous studies of nivalenol metabolism in rats exhibited only one 3-glucuronide-NIV and DNIV [46]. De-epoxidation of DON also was observed in both human and animals [17,47,48].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Phase I and Glucuronide Phase II Metabolites of 17 Mycotoxins Using Liquid Chromatography—High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Slobodchikova

Sivakumar

Rahman

et al. 2019

Toxins

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Routine mycotoxin biomonitoring methods do not include many mycotoxin phase I and phase II metabolites, which may significantly underestimate mycotoxin exposure especially for heavily metabolized mycotoxins. Additional research efforts are also needed to measure metabolites in vivo after exposure and to establish which mycotoxin metabolites should be prioritized for the inclusion during large-scale biomonitoring efforts. The objective of this study was to perform human in vitro microsomal incubations of 17 mycotoxins and systematically characterize all resulting metabolites using liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). The results obtained were then used to build a comprehensive LC-MS library and expand a validated 17-mycotoxin method for exposure monitoring to screening of additional 188 metabolites, including 100 metabolites reported for the first time. The final method represents one of the most comprehensive LC-HRMS methods for mycotoxin biomonitoring or metabolism/fate studies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Phase I and Glucuronide Phase II Metabolites of 17 Mycotoxins Using Liquid Chromatography—High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Slobodchikova

Sivakumar

Rahman

et al. 2019

Toxins

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“…However, masked forms might be "reactivated" during animal digestion by the action of gut microbiota, which may cleave the polar group and consequently liberate the parent toxin [46]. The concept of toxin reactivation has been confirmed for DON3Glc and NIV3Glc in rats [50,51] and for DON3Glc and ZEN14Glc in pigs [52,53]. To avoid confusion [54], one should not only distinguish free mycotoxins from masked mycotoxins, but also from matrix-associated and other modified mycotoxins.…”

Section: Mycotoxin-producing Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

The Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Raw Materials and Fish Feeds in Europe and the Potential Effects of Deoxynivalenol (DON) on the Health and Growth of Farmed Fish Species—A Review

Koletsi

Schrama

Graat

et al. 2021

Toxins

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The first part of this study evaluates the occurrence of mycotoxin patterns in feedstuffs and fish feeds. Results were extrapolated from a large data pool derived from wheat (n = 857), corn (n = 725), soybean meal (n = 139) and fish feed (n = 44) samples in European countries and based on sample analyses by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in the period between 2012–2019. Deoxynivalenol (DON) was readily present in corn (in 47% of the samples) > wheat (41%) > soybean meal (11%), and in aquafeeds (48%). Co-occurrence of mycotoxins was frequently observed in feedstuffs and aquafeed samples. For example, in corn, multi-mycotoxin occurrence was investigated by Spearman’s correlations and odd ratios, and both showed co-occurrence of DON with its acetylated forms (3-AcDON, 15-AcDON) as well as with zearalenone (ZEN). The second part of this study summarizes the existing knowledge on the effects of DON on farmed fish species and evaluates the risk of DON exposure in fish, based on data from in vivo studies. A meta-analytical approach aimed to estimate to which extent DON affects feed intake and growth performance in fish. Corn was identified as the ingredient with the highest risk of contamination with DON and its acetylated forms, which often cannot be detected by commonly used rapid detection methods in feed mills. Periodical state-of-the-art mycotoxin analyses are essential to detect the full spectrum of mycotoxins in fish feeds aimed to prevent detrimental effects on farmed fish and subsequent economic losses for fish farmers. Because levels below the stated regulatory limits can reduce feed intake and growth performance, our results show that the risk of DON contamination is underestimated in the aquaculture industry.

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“…In addition, a modified form of NIV, nivalenol‐3‐glucoside (NIV3G) can originate as a result of the wheat detoxification system by NIV conjugation with glucose 19,20 . Preliminary investigations in animals showed that NIV3G toxicity is lower than that of NIV, but additional studies are needed to establish the impact of NIV3G in humans 21 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19,20 Preliminary investigations in animals showed that NIV3G toxicity is lower than that of NIV, but additional studies are needed to establish the impact of NIV3G in humans. 21 Besides NIV, F. poae is also able to biosynthesize another type B trichothecene (fusarenone-X), as well as type A trichothecenes [T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin (even if with low levels and frequencies), diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), monoacetoxyscirpenol (MAS), scirpentriol, neosolaniol] and non-trichothecene secondary metabolites such as enniatins and beauvericin (BEA). 12,[22][23][24] In addition to the mycotoxin risk, the presence of F. poae could also have an impact on baking quality by affecting and degrading the gliadin protein fraction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection timing affects Fusarium poae colonization of bread wheat spikes and mycotoxin accumulation in the grain

et al. 2022

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BACKGROUND: Fusarium poae is one of the most common Fusarium head blight (FHB) causal agents in wheat. This species can biosynthesize a wide range of mycotoxins, in particular nivalenol (NIV). In FHB epidemiology, infection timing is important for disease occurrence, kernel development, symptom appearance and mycotoxin accumulation in grain. The present study explored, both in a controlled environment and in a 2-year field plot experiment in Central Italy, the influence of five infection timings (from beginning of flowering to medium milk growth stage) on F. poae colonization and mycotoxin accumulation in bread wheat spikes (spring cv. A416 and winter cv. Ambrogio).RESULTS: Both climate chamber and field experiments showed that early infection timings (from beginning of flowering to full flowering) especially favoured F. poae colonization and accumulation of its mycotoxins (particularly NIV) in grain. By contrast, later infection timings (watery ripe and medium milk) reduced F. poae development and mycotoxin levels. The time window of host susceptibility in the field was shorter than that observed under controlled conditions. Symptom expression in kernels also differed among infection timings. In general, F. poae biomass was higher in the chaff than in the grain.CONCLUSION: These results enhance knowledge of a common member of the FHB complex worldwide, and could be useful in forecasting the risk of F. poae infection and mycotoxin contamination.

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Metabolism of nivalenol and nivalenol-3-glucoside in rats

Cited by 10 publications

References 23 publications

Characterization of Phase I and Glucuronide Phase II Metabolites of 17 Mycotoxins Using Liquid Chromatography—High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Characterization of Phase I and Glucuronide Phase II Metabolites of 17 Mycotoxins Using Liquid Chromatography—High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry

The Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Raw Materials and Fish Feeds in Europe and the Potential Effects of Deoxynivalenol (DON) on the Health and Growth of Farmed Fish Species—A Review

Infection timing affects Fusarium poae colonization of bread wheat spikes and mycotoxin accumulation in the grain

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