Metabolism of linoleic acid in the cat

Sinclair, Andrew J.; McLean, J. G.; Monger, E. A.

doi:10.1007/bf02533508

Cited by 91 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Deficiencies in fatty acyl desaturase activities have precedents in terrestrial carnivores such as cats in which Δ6 and Δ5 desaturase activities may both be very low (35)(36)(37)(38). It has been hypothesized that this situation may be an evolutionary adaptation to carnivorous diets rich in preformed C 20 and C 22 HUFA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fatty acid metabolism in marine fish: Low activity of fatty acyl Δ5 desaturation in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) cells

Tocher

Ghioni

1999

Lipids

138

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Marine fish have an absolute dietary requirement for C20 and C22 highly unsaturated fatty acids. Previous studies using cultured cell lines indicated that underlying this requirement in marine fish was either a deficiency in fatty acyl Δ5 desaturase or C18–20 elongase activity. Recent research in turbot cells found low C18–20 elongase but high Δ5 desaturase activity. In the present study, the fatty acid desaturase/elongase pathway was investigated in a cell line (SAF‐1) from another carnivorous marine fish, sea bream. The metabolic conversions of a range of radiolabeled polyunsaturated fatty acids that comprised the direct substrates for Δ6 desaturase ([1‐14C]18∶2n−6 and [1‐14C]18∶3n−3), C18–20 elongase ([U‐14C]18∶4n−3), Δ5 desaturase ([1‐14C]20∶3n−6 and [1‐14C]20∶5n−3), and C20–22 elongase ([1‐14C]20∶4n−6 and [1‐14C]20∶5n−3) were utilized. The results showed that fatty acyl Δ6 desaturase in SAF‐1 cells was highly active and that C18–20 elongase and C20–22 elongase activities were substantial. A deficiency in the desaturation/elongation pathway was clearly identified at the level of the fatty acyl Δ5 desaturase, which was very low, particularly with 20∶4n−3 as substrate. In comparison, the apparent activities of Δ6 desaturase, C18–20 elongase, and C20–22 elongase were approximately 94‐, 27‐, and 16‐fold greater than that for Δ5 desaturase toward their respective n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acid substrates. The evidence obtained in the SAF‐1 cell line is consistent with the dietary requirement for C20 and C22 highly unsaturated fatty acids in the marine fish the sea bream, being primarily due to a deficiency in fatty acid Δ5 desaturase activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is now also known to be the case in cats. In early studies, a complete lack of Δ6 desaturation enzymatic activity in felines was originally reported in the literature (35)(36)(37)(38), although recent and more sensitive studies conducted with deuterated fatty acids, showed that a low level of Δ6 desaturase is present in the cat (39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid metabolism in marine fish: Low activity of fatty acyl Δ5 desaturation in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) cells

Tocher

Ghioni

1999

Lipids

138

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“…In addition, results from in vivo studies with other marine fish species such as gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) and golden grey mullet (Liza aurata) were consistent with a deficiency in Δ5 desaturation [16,17]. Reduced flux through desaturase/elongase pathways due to reduced desaturase activities have precedents in terrestrial carnivores such as cats in which Δ6 and Δ5 desaturase activities may both be severely limited [18][19][20][21]. It was hypothesised that this situation may be an evolutionary response to differences in diet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Low C18 to C20 fatty acid elongase activity and limited conversion of stearidonic acid, 18:4(n–3), to eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5(n–3), in a cell line from the turbot, Scophthalmus maximus

Ghioni

Tocher

Bell

et al. 1999

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biolog

103

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The TF cell line, derived from a carnivorous marine teleost, the turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), is known to have a reduced rate of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) biosynthesis.In order to establish the enzymic step responsible, the metabolic conversions of a range of PUFA including the key intermediates of n-3PUFA metabolism, stearidonic acid (18:4n-3) and its elongation product 20:4n-3, were studied in TF cells and compared with the AS cell line derived from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Cells were cultured in the presence of unlabelled (25 µM 3

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“…By contrast, diets containing 50g safflower oil plus 300 g hydrogenated beef tallow (6.7 % energy as linoleate)/kg prevented all clinical symptoms except reproduction problems in females (MacDonald et al 1983b). Workers in Australia (Sinclair et al 1979(Sinclair et al , 1981McLean & Monger, 1989) reported that cats maintained for up to 8 years on diets containing 50g safflower oilkg did not suffer the severe symptoms reported by Rivers and his colleagues (Rivers & Frankel, 1980). These cats appeared normal except for some dulling of hair coats and a general inability of females to produce more than two litters.…”

Section: Essential Fatty Acids In Cats: Lack Of A-6 Desaturationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid metabolism in domestic cats (Felis catus) and cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatas)

Bauer

1997

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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The obligatory carnivorous nature of cats probably emerged as part of the slow adaptational process of these animals in becoming efficient predators rather than the result of a specific dietary requirement. Loss of the ability to produce needed nutrients from plant precursors was peripheral to this evolutionary change, but a lasting effect of it. As a result, present-day cats must meet their nutritional needs in the context of specialized requirements for dietary fat and other nutrients. These needs are most readily met by consumption of other mammalian tissues. High dietary concentrations of protein and special requirements for arginine, taurine, and retinol uniquely characterize feline nutrition. Like other mammals, cats cannot synthesize the essential fatty acid (EFA), linoleic acid (18:2n-6; LA). However, unlike other mammals, cats also have a limited capacity to synthesize arachidonic acid (20:n-6; AA) from LA and, similarly, eicosapentaenoic acid (20%-3; EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3; DHA) from or-linolenic acid (1 8:3n-3; ALA). These features of fatty acid metabolism underscore the reliance of cats on other mammals to make these important fatty acids for them.The provision of the dietary EFA to domestic cats (Felis catus) is of interest to veterinarians and animal nutritionists, especially in view of their domestication and role as exclusive household companions. Among other members of the Felidae family, comparative differences are also of interest, not only because optimal nutritional care of captive zoological species must be provided, but also because reproductive performance depends on adequacy of the EFA. The importance of this latter concept with respect to endangered species such as the cheetah (Acinonyx jubutus) needs little added emphasis. Although most studies of feline fatty acid metabolism have been conducted in Felis catus, opportunities to investigate this topic in other species, when presented, have furthered our understanding of the unique lipid metabolic pathways of the order Carnivora. Results of recent studies in cheetahs from our laboratory are the focus of the present discussion, along with a review of fatty acid metabolism in cats. ESSENTIAL FATTY ACID CHEMISTRYMammalian EFA are straight-chain polyunsaturated hydrocarbons with all their double bonds in the cis-configuration. A convenient shorthand notation is often used by indicating the number of C atoms in the acyl chain and the number and position of the double bonds ( Fig.

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Metabolism of linoleic acid in the cat

Cited by 91 publications

References 14 publications

Fatty acid metabolism in marine fish: Low activity of fatty acyl Δ5 desaturation in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) cells

Fatty acid metabolism in marine fish: Low activity of fatty acyl Δ5 desaturation in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) cells

Low C18 to C20 fatty acid elongase activity and limited conversion of stearidonic acid, 18:4(n–3), to eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5(n–3), in a cell line from the turbot, Scophthalmus maximus

Fatty acid metabolism in domestic cats (Felis catus) and cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatas)

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