Metabolism of emulsions containing medium- and long-chain triglycerides or interesterified triglycerides

Hultin, Magnus; Müllertz, Anette; Zundel, Magali; Olivecrona, Gunilla; Hansen, Thorkild B.; Deckelbaum, R.J.; Carpentier, Yvon; Olivecrona, Thomas

doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)39780-7

Cited by 38 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…9 Conversely to the effect of emulsifier type, we observed no significant effect of the oil FA composition (rapeseed vs. milk fat olein) on lipolysis kinetics. This result is different from some reports indicating that the specificity is higher for medium chain fatty triglycerides compared with longchain triglycerides for bovine lipoprotein lipase 45 and for pig pancreatic lipase. 46 Importantly, it confirms however that both gastric and pancreatic human lipases can release medium and long chain fatty acids at similar rates.…”

Section: Discussion Emulsion Lipolysiscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Coupling in vitro gastrointestinal lipolysis and Caco-2 cell cultures for testing the absorption of different food emulsions

et al. 2012

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There is a growing interest in the optimization of dietary emulsions for monitoring postprandial lipid metabolism in the frame of preventing metabolic diseases. Using various emulsions, we investigated in a systematic scheme the combination of (i) in vitro gastrointestinal lipolysis and (ii) absorption and metabolism of lipolysis media in Caco-2 cells. Four emulsions based on either milk fat olein (OL) or rapeseed oil (RA) as the dispersed phase and either lecithin (LE) or sodium caseinate (CA) as the emulsifier were tested. After a sequential incubation of these emulsions with gastric and pancreatic enzymes, lipolysis media were incubated with Caco-2 cells, after dilution (1 : 20) to maintain the barrier integrity. Both gastric and duodenal lipolysis levels were similar to values reported in vivo and the rates of lipolysis were higher with LE-stabilized emulsions than with CA-stabilized emulsions (P < 0.05). TAG secretion by Caco-2 cells was found to be higher using (i) duodenal vs. gastric media (P < 0.001) and (ii) emulsions stabilized with CA vs. LE (P < 0.01). Consistently, gene expression of both FABP2 and FATP4 induced by the duodenal media was (i) higher than that with gastric media (P < 0.001) and (ii) faster than that with model mixed micelles. Using gastric media, TAG secretion of Caco-2 cells after 12 h was higher with RA than with OL (P < 0.001). Moreover, the RA-CA emulsion increased the size of secreted lipoprotein particles (514 nm vs. 61 to 130 nm; P < 0.01). In conclusion, it was possible to observe distinct responses in the lipid metabolism of Caco-2 cells incubated with lipolysis media obtained from different dietary emulsions digested by gastrointestinal lipases in vitro.

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Section: Discussion Emulsion Lipolysiscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Coupling in vitro gastrointestinal lipolysis and Caco-2 cell cultures for testing the absorption of different food emulsions

et al. 2012

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“…Spillover of 14 C counts into the 3 H channel, and vice versa, amounted to 7.4 and 0.7%, respectively. For calculations of total tissue weight, a value of 2.75% of total body weight was used for estimating total serum volume (28). Total weight of gastrocnemius muscle was estimated to be 4% (28).…”

Section: Preparation and Characterization Of Radiolabeled Chylomicron...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carboxyl Ester Lipase Overexpression in Rat Hepatoma Cells and CEL Deficiency in Mice Have No Impact on Hepatic Uptake or Metabolism of Chylomicron-Retinyl Ester

Bennekum

Piantedosi

et al. 1999

Biochemistry

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To study the role of carboxyl ester lipase (CEL) in hepatic retinoid (vitamin A) metabolism, we investigated uptake and hydrolysis of chylomicron (CM)-retinyl esters (RE) by rat hepatoma (McArdle-RH7777) cells stably transfected with a rat CEL cDNA. We also studied tissue uptake of CM-RE in CEL-deficient mice generated by targeted disruption of the CEL gene. CEL-transfected cells secreted active enzyme into the medium. However, both control and CEL-transfected cells accumulated exogenously added CM-RE or CM remnant (CMR)-derived RE in equal amounts. Serum clearance of intravenously injected CM-RE and cholesteryl ester were not different between wild-type and CEL-deficient mice. Also, the uptake of the two compounds by the liver and other tissues did not differ. These data indicate that the lack of CEL expression does not affect the uptake of dietary CM-RE by the liver or other tissues. Moreover, the percentage of retinol formed in the liver after CM-RE uptake, the levels of retinol and retinol-binding protein in serum, and retinoid levels in various tissues did not differ, indicating that CEL deficiency does not affect hepatic retinoid metabolism and retinoid distribution throughout the body. Surprisingly, in both pancreas and liver of wild-type, heterozygous, and homozygous CEL-deficient mice, the levels of bile salt-dependent retinyl ester hydrolase (REH) activity were similar. This indicates that in the mouse pancreas and liver an REH enzyme activity, active in the presence of bile salt and distinct from CEL, is present, compatible with the results from our accompanying paper that the intestinal processing and absorption of RE were unimpaired in CEL-deficient mice.

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“…For total lipid extracts that showed color (especially the liver extracts) a quench correction was carried out by adding known amounts of 3 H cpm and 14 C cpm to the lipid extracts after initial counting in order to assess the absolute efficiency of scintillation counting for each sample. For serum clearance curves, the total serum volume for rats and mice was estimated to be equal to 2.75% of the total body weight of the animal (20).…”

Section: Liquid Scintillation Countingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the labeling of rat chylomicrons simultaneously with retinyl ester and retinyl ether is technically complex and can only be accomplished with considerable in vitro manipulation, we choose to label Intralipid emulsion with these retinoids. This decision was based on understanding that fat emulsions like the commercially available Intralipid emulsion are metabolized through processes involving LpL and in a manner that is similar to those of endogenous chylomicrons (20,31). For these studies, 4 fasted rats were injected with a bolus dose consisting of Intralipid emulsion containing 4 mg triglyceride, 0.8 Ci (0.015 nmol) [ 3 H]retinyl palmitate, and 0.15 Ci (0.57 nmol) retinyl [ 14 C]hexadecyl ether.…”

Section: Clearance Of [ 3 H]retinyl Palmitate and Its Nonhydrolyzable Retinyl [ 14 C]hexadecyl Ether Analog From Intralipid Emulsion In Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lipoprotein lipase expression level influences tissue clearance of chylomicron retinyl ester

Bennekum

Kako

Weinstock

et al. 1999

Journal of Lipid Research

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Approximately 25% of postprandial retinoid is cleared from the circulation by extrahepatic tissues. Little is known about physiologic factors important to this uptake. We hypothesized that lipoprotein lipase (LpL) contributes to extrahepatic clearance of chylomicron vitamin A. To investigate this, [ 3 H]retinyl ester-containing rat mesenteric chylomicrons were injected intravenously into induced mutant mice and nutritionally manipulated rats. The tissue sites of uptake of 3 H label by wild type mice and LpL-null mice overexpressing human LpL in muscle indicate that LpL expression does influence accumulation of chylomicron retinoid. Skeletal muscle from mice overexpressing human LpL accumulated 1.7-to 2.4-fold more 3 H label than wild type. Moreover, heart tissue from mice overexpresssing human LpL, but lacking mouse LpL, accumulated less than half of the 3 H-label taken up by wild type heart. Fasting and heparin injection, two factors that increase LpL activity in skeletal muscle, increased uptake of chylomicron [ 3 H] retinoid by rat skeletal muscle. Using [ 3 H]retinyl palmitate and its non-hydrolyzable analog retinyl [ 14 C]hexadecyl ether incorporated into Intralipid emulsions, the importance of retinyl ester hydrolysis in this process was assessed. We observed that 3 H label was taken up to a greater extent than 14 C label by rat skeletal muscle, suggesting that retinoid uptake requires hydrolysis. In summary, for each of our experiments, the level of lipoprotein lipase expression in skeletal muscle, heart, and/or adipose tissue influenced the amount of [ 3 H]retinoid taken up from chylomicrons and/ or their remnants.-

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Metabolism of emulsions containing medium- and long-chain triglycerides or interesterified triglycerides

Cited by 38 publications

References 40 publications

Coupling in vitro gastrointestinal lipolysis and Caco-2 cell cultures for testing the absorption of different food emulsions

Coupling in vitro gastrointestinal lipolysis and Caco-2 cell cultures for testing the absorption of different food emulsions

Carboxyl Ester Lipase Overexpression in Rat Hepatoma Cells and CEL Deficiency in Mice Have No Impact on Hepatic Uptake or Metabolism of Chylomicron-Retinyl Ester

Lipoprotein lipase expression level influences tissue clearance of chylomicron retinyl ester

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