Metabolism of dietary essential fatty acids and their conversion to long-chain polyunsaturated metabolites

Dunbar, Brent L.; Bauer, John E.

doi:10.2460/javma.2002.220.1621

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Linoleic acid is efficiently converted to arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n‐6) in dogs, but not in cats. Delta‐6 desaturase regulates the 1st step in the desaturation of essential fatty acids; it adds a double bond between the 6th and 7th carbons from the carboxyl end of the fatty acid . Cats have a dietary requirement for AA because of limited delta‐6 desaturase activity …”

Section: Basic Concepts Of Fatty Acid Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Delta-6 desaturase regulates the 1st step in the desaturation of essential fatty acids; it adds a double bond between the 6th and 7th carbons from the carboxyl end of the fatty acid. 29 Cats have a dietary requirement for AA because of limited delta-6 desaturase activity. 23 Lipid metabolites, also called eicosanoids, are derived from long-chain PUFAs and include prostaglandins and leukotrienes.…”

Section: Basic Concepts Of Fatty Acid Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential Adverse Effects of Omega‐3 Fatty Acids in Dogs and Cats

Lenox

Bauer

2013

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Fish oil omega-3 fatty acids, mainly eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, are used in the management of several diseases in companion animal medicine, many of which are inflammatory in nature. This review describes metabolic differences among omega-3 fatty acids and outlines potential adverse effects that may occur with their supplementation in dogs and cats with a special focus on omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil. Important potential adverse effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation include altered platelet function, gastrointestinal adverse effects, detrimental effects on wound healing, lipid peroxidation, potential for nutrient excess and toxin exposure, weight gain, altered immune function, effects on glycemic control and insulin sensitivity, and nutrient-drug interactions.

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Section: Basic Concepts Of Fatty Acid Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Basic Concepts Of Fatty Acid Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Adverse Effects of Omega‐3 Fatty Acids in Dogs and Cats

Lenox

Bauer

2013

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…O foals, however, presented already at birth a reduced plasma omega-3/omega-6 ratio, associated with an increased proportion of omega-3 fatty acids. Omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acid precursors, namely linoleic (LA) and alpha-linolenic acids (ALA), respectively, are essential fatty acids that mammals cannot synthesise and must find in their dietary intake [ 71 ]. Essential plasma fatty acid concentrations reflect not only the nutritional state of the individual [ 72 , 73 ], but also their metabolism, as C18 PUFA can be elongated and desaturated further.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity during Pregnancy in the Horse: Effect on Term Placental Structure and Gene Expression, as Well as Colostrum and Milk Fatty Acid Concentration

Robles,

Rousseau-Ralliard,

Dubois

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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In horses, the prevalence of obesity is high and associated with serious metabolic pathologies. Being a broodmare has been identified as a risk factor for obesity. In other species, maternal obesity is known to affect the development of the offspring. This article is a follow-up study of previous work showing that Obese mares (O, n = 10, body condition score > 4.25 at insemination) were more insulin resistant and presented increased systemic inflammation during pregnancy compared to Normal mares (N, n = 14, body condition score < 4 at insemination). Foals born to O mares were more insulin-resistant, presented increased systemic inflammation, and were more affected by osteoarticular lesions. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of maternal obesity on placental structure and function, as well as the fatty acid profile in the plasma of mares and foals, colostrum, and milk until 90 days of lactation, which, to our knowledge, has been poorly studied in the horse. Mares from both groups were fed the same diet during pregnancy and lactation. During lactation, mares were housed in pasture. A strong heat wave, followed by a drought, occurred during their 2nd and 3rd months of lactation (summer of 2016 in the Limousin region, France). In the present article, term placental morphometry, structure (stereology), and gene expression (RT-qPCR, genes involved in nutrient transport, growth, and development, as well as vascularization) were studied. Plasma of mares and their foals, as well as colostrum and milk, were sampled at birth, 30 days, and 90 days of lactation. The fatty acid composition of these samples was measured using gas chromatography. No differences between the N and O groups were observed for term placental morphometry, structure, or gene expression. No difference in plasma fatty acid composition was observed between groups in mares. The plasma fatty acid profile of O foals was more pro-inflammatory and indicated an altered placental lipid metabolism between birth and 90 days of age. These results are in line with the increased systemic inflammation and altered glucose metabolism observed until 18 months of age in this group. The colostrum fatty acid profile of O mares was more pro-inflammatory and indicated an increased transfer and/or desaturation of long-chain fatty acids. Moreover, O foals received a colostrum poorer in medium-chain saturated fatty acid, a source of immediate energy for the newborn that can also play a role in immunity and gut microbiota development. Differences in milk fatty acid composition indicated a decreased ability to adapt to heat stress in O mares, which could have further affected the metabolic development of their foals. In conclusion, maternal obesity affected the fatty acid composition of milk, thus also influencing the foal’s plasma fatty acid composition and likely participating in the developmental programming observed in growing foals.

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“…Algae can synthesize large amounts of omega-3 fatty acids, which make marine animals that consume algae a good source of EPA and DHA. 10 Cats have a dietary requirement for AA because of limited ∆-6 desaturase activity. 3 In dogs, AA is synthesized from LA by desaturase and elongase enzymes ( Figure 2).…”

Section: Essentiality Of Omega-6 and Omega-3 Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timely Topics in Nutrition: An overview of fatty acids in companion animal medicine

Lenox¹

2015

javma

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Metabolism of dietary essential fatty acids and their conversion to long-chain polyunsaturated metabolites

Cited by 4 publications

References 43 publications

Potential Adverse Effects of Omega‐3 Fatty Acids in Dogs and Cats

Potential Adverse Effects of Omega‐3 Fatty Acids in Dogs and Cats

Obesity during Pregnancy in the Horse: Effect on Term Placental Structure and Gene Expression, as Well as Colostrum and Milk Fatty Acid Concentration

Timely Topics in Nutrition: An overview of fatty acids in companion animal medicine

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