Metabolism of chlordane in mammals

Nomeir, Amin A.; Hajjar, Nicolas P.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4804-0_1

Cited by 35 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Chlordane, a mixture of Ͼ26 compounds, was used as an agricultural pesticide on home lawns and gardens and against termites (14). Chlordane was banned in the U.S. in the1980s; however, 1.4 (0.8-2.5) 1.8 (0.9-3.6) 0.05 *Adjusted for age, sex, race, poverty income ratio, BMI, waist circumference, cigarette smoking, serum cotinine, alcohol consumption, and exercise.…”

Section: Research Design and Methods -The 1999 -2002 National Health mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chlordane is rapidly metabolized in organisms into oxychlordane and ␥-chlordane or into impurities such as trans-nonachlor or cis-nonachlor (14). Most studies focusing on temporal trends of POPs have identified a decreasing trend since severe restriction on POPs from 1970s to 1990s, but since 1990 the reduction of POPs was gradual (15,16).…”

Section: Research Design and Methods -The 1999 -2002 National Health mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association Between Serum Concentrations of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Insulin Resistance Among Nondiabetic Adults

et al. 2007

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OBJECTIVE -We reported strong relations between serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), especially organochlorine (OC) pesticides or nondioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and prevalence of diabetes in a U.S population with background exposure to POPs. Here, we investigated POPs and insulin resistance, a frequent pathogenic precursor of type 2 diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -Serum POPs and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were investigated cross-sectionally in 749 nondiabetic participants aged Ն20 years. Nineteen POPs in five subclasses were selected, detectable in Ն60% of participants.RESULTS -Among subclasses, OC pesticides were most strongly associated with HOMA-IR. Adjusted geometric means of HOMA were 3.27, 3.36, 3.48, and 3.85 (P for trend Ͻ0.01) across quartiles of OC pesticides. The relationship strengthened with increasing HOMA-IR percentile: adjusted odds ratios comparing the highest versus lowest POPs quartile were 1.8 for being Ն50th percentile of HOMA-IR, 4.4 for being Ն75th percentile, and 7.5 for being Ն90th percentile. Associations with elevated HOMA-IR appeared to be specific to oxychlordane and trans-nonachlor but also were found for two nondioxin-like PCBs. No HOMA-IR associations were seen in the other three POP subclasses. The association between OC pesticides and HOMA-IR tended to strengthen as waist circumference increased, with no apparent association in the lowest quartile of OC pesticide concentrations.CONCLUSIONS -These findings, coupled with those concerning diabetes prevalence, suggest that OC pesticides and nondioxin-like PCBs may be associated with type 2 diabetes risk by increasing insulin resistance, and POPs may interact with obesity to increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 30:622-628, 2007

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Section: Research Design and Methods -The 1999 -2002 National Health mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Research Design and Methods -The 1999 -2002 National Health mentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Serum Concentrations of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Insulin Resistance Among Nondiabetic Adults

et al. 2007

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“…Residual pesticides are known to be decomposed by various natural conditions in the environment: by hydrolysis in water, 1,2) photodegradation, [3][4][5][6][7] metabolism in plants 8,9) and animals, 10,11) and bacteriological degradation in soil. 12,13) The degraded products of the pesticides then have the potential to be ingested by humans with agricultural products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Photodegradation Study of Fenthion and Disulfoton under Irradiation of Different Light Sources in Liquid- and Solid-Phases

Hirahara

Ueno

Nakamuro

2001

JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE

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To assess the photodegradation extent of the organophosphorus pesticides, fenthion and disulfoton in the environment, degradation rates of their chemicals under irradiation by visible light and each region of the ultraviolet (UV) sources, UVA (320-400 nm radiation), UVB (280-320 nm radiation) and UVC (250-260 nm radiation) in liquid-and solid-phases were determined and their photolysis products identified. Although visible light did not cause photodegradation of either fenthion or disulfoton even after the maximal irradiation of 8 hr in both phases, all the ranges of UV sources resulted in the photolysis of both pesticides, despite the solid-phase. The photolysis rates of fenthion under UVB and UVC irradiation in both phases were higher than that under UVA irradiation and also exceeded all of the degradation rates of disulfoton. This confirms that fenthion is more readily degraded than disulfoton in the UVB range. Fenthion sulfoxide and disulfoton sulfoxide were identified as oxidative photolysis products whose photolysis rates were considerably slower than parent compounds, and the oxidation reaction of both pesticides in the liquid-phase was superior to those on the solid-phase, indicating that dissolved oxygen in water is an important factor affecting the photolysis. These results suggest that fenthion in the environment is more rapidly degraded by UVB irradiation in natural sunlight than disulfoton, and sulfoxides of both pesticides remain stable as a photolysis product in the environment.

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“…Trans-chlordane is easier to degrade than cis-chlordane (Nomeir and Hajjar 1987). The degradations of transchlordane to cis-chlordane can exceed the reported ratio 0.79.…”

Section: Transport Of Ocps In Karst Systemsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Sources and transports of organochlorine pesticides in the Nanshan underground river, China

et al. 2013

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Karst areas have much higher ecological vulnerability and are prone to be contaminated. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were detected in waters and sediment from the two sites of the karst Nanshan underground river system, China, to understand the sources and transport of OCPs in the underground river systems. Obviously, seasonal variations were found both in the waters and the sediments. Detected OCPs ranged from 61 to 936 ng L -1 in the groundwaters and 51-3,842.0 ng g -1 in the underground sediments, respectively. OCPs in groundwaters were mixture of younger and older residues from commercial sources. The maximum OCPs in the sediments of the underground river were historically older residues from commercial sources. The sources of OCPs in the waters and sediments of the underground river indicated that the surface systems play an important role in OCPs transport and pollution in the underground river. Karst features were liable for the transport behavior.

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Metabolism of chlordane in mammals

Cited by 35 publications

References 29 publications

Association Between Serum Concentrations of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Insulin Resistance Among Nondiabetic Adults

Association Between Serum Concentrations of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Insulin Resistance Among Nondiabetic Adults

Comparative Photodegradation Study of Fenthion and Disulfoton under Irradiation of Different Light Sources in Liquid- and Solid-Phases

Sources and transports of organochlorine pesticides in the Nanshan underground river, China

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