Metabolism of androgens and estrogens by human fecal microorganisms

Lombardi, Patricia; Goldin, Barry R.; Boutin, Eugenie L.; Gorbach, Sherwood L.

doi:10.1016/0022-4731(78)90203-0

Cited by 94 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The fecal microbiota of PNA animals contained higher abundance of bacteria commonly associated with steroid hormone synthesis, including bacteria from the families Nocardiaceae 120 and Clostridiaceae . 121 , 122 In addition, PNA animals have significantly increased abundance of fecal bacteria associated with cardiovascular function including cardiac muscle contraction, proximal tubule bicarbonate reclamation, and the renin-angiotensin (RAS) system. In previous studies of the fecal microbiota of hypertensive rats, Allobaculum, Aggregatibacter , and Sutturela were enriched however, we found that only Aggregatibacter was enriched and Allobaculum and Sutturela were significantly decreased in relative abundance within the fecal microbiota of the PNA animals; these bacteria are associated with glucose metabolism and the specific role is unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal androgen exposure causes hypertension and gut microbiota dysbiosis

et al. 2018

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Background: Conditions of excess androgen in women, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), often exhibit intergenerational transmission. One way in which the risk for PCOS may be increased in daughters of affected women is through exposure to elevated androgens in utero. Hyperandrogenemic conditions have serious health consequences, including increased risk for hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Recently, gut dysbiosis has been found to induce hypertension in rats, such that blood pressure can be normalized through fecal microbial transplant. Therefore, we hypothesized that the hypertension seen in PCOS has early origins in gut dysbiosis caused by in utero exposure to excess androgen. We investigated this hypothesis with a model of prenatal androgen (PNA) exposure and maternal hyperandrogenemia by single-injection of testosterone cypionate or sesame oil vehicle (VEH) to pregnant dams in late gestation. We then completed a gut microbiota and cardiometabolic profile of the adult female offspring. Results: The metabolic assessment revealed that adult PNA rats had increased body weight and increased mRNA expression of adipokines: adipocyte binding protein 2, adiponectin, and leptin in inguinal white adipose tissue. Radiotelemetry analysis revealed hypertension with decreased heart rate in PNA animals. The fecal microbiota profile of PNA animals contained higher relative abundance of bacteria associated with steroid hormone synthesis, Nocardiaceae and Clostridiaceae, and lower abundance of Akkermansia, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Clostridium. The PNA animals also had an increased relative abundance of bacteria associated with biosynthesis and elongation of unsaturated short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Conclusions: We found that prenatal exposure to excess androgen negatively impacted cardiovascular function by increasing systolic and diastolic blood pressure and decreasing heart rate. Prenatal androgen was also associated with gut microbial dysbiosis and altered abundance of bacteria involved in metabolite production of short chain fatty acids. These results suggest that early-life exposure to hyperandrogenemia in daughters of women with PCOS may lead to long-term alterations in gut microbiota and cardiometabolic function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal androgen exposure causes hypertension and gut microbiota dysbiosis

et al. 2018

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“…Although estradiol is the most biologically active natural steroidal estrogen in mammals, estrone may be present at a higher concentration and easier to detect analytically. In addition, diverse animals and microorganisms can interconvert estrone and estradiol (32,35,36). An argument can also be made for the determination of estrogenic activity using bioassays such as proliferation of breast cancer cells or production of vitellogenin (22,37,38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogens from sewage in coastal marine environments.

Atkinson

Tarrant

2003

Environ Health Perspect

112

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Estrogens are ancient molecules that act as hormones in vertebrates and are biologically active in diverse animal phyla. Sewage contains natural and synthetic estrogens that are detectable in streams, rivers, and lakes. There are no studies reporting the distribution of steroidal estrogens in marine environments. We measured estrogens in sewage, injection-well water, and coastal tropical and offshore tropical water in the Pacific Ocean, western Atlantic Ocean, and Caribbean Sea. Concentrations of unconjugated estrone ranged from undetectable (< 40 pg/L) in the open ocean to nearly 2,000 pg/L in Key West, Florida, and Rehoboth Bay, Delaware (USA); estrone concentrations were highest near sources of sewage. Enzymatic hydrolysis of steroid conjugates in seawater samples indicated that polar conjugates comprise one-half to two-thirds of "total estrone" (unconjugated plus conjugated) in Hawaiian coastal samples. Adsorption to basalt gravel and carbonate sand was less than 20% per week and indicates that estrogens can easily leach into the marine environment from septic fields and high-estrogen groundwater. Of 20 sites (n = 129 samples), the mean values from 12 sites were above the threshold concentration for uptake into coral, indicating that there is a net uptake of anthropogenic steroidal estrogen into these environments, with unknown impacts.

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“…Thus, it has been suggested that producers and non-producers of equol and ODMA may respond differentially to soy or isoflavone interventions [10,18]. Given that intestinal bacteria can metabolize hormones [22][23][24][25], an alternative hypothesis is that daidzein-metabolizing phenotypes are markers of intestinal bacterial profiles that are themselves associated with hormone concentrations [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%