Metabolism of aldicarb pesticide in laying hens

“…Studies in mammals and birds using radio‐tagged aldicarb indicate that nearly all of the parent compound and its metabolites are excreted in the urine in a matter of days (Andrawes et al 1967; Sullivan and Carpenter 1968; Dorough et al 1970; Hicks et al 1972; Andrawes and Lee 1986; Baron 1991).…”

Section: Problem Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refined avian risk assessment for aldicarb in the United States

Moore¹,

Teed²,

Rodney³

et al. 2009

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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Aldicarb was recently reviewed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) for re-registration eligibility. In this paper, we describe a refined avian risk assessment for aldicarb that was conducted to build upon the screening-level methods used by USEPA. The goal of the refined ERA was to characterize and understand better the risks posed by aldicarb to birds in areas where the pesticide is applied. Aldicarb is a systemic insecticide sold in granular form under the trade name Temik. It is applied directly to soil and is used to control mites, nematodes, and aphids on a variety of crops (e.g., cotton, potatoes, peanuts). Consumption of grit is necessary for proper digestion in many bird species, particularly for granivores and insectivores. Thus, aldicarb granules may be mistaken for grit by birds. The Granular Pesticide Avian Risk Assessment Model (GranPARAM) is described in a companion paper and was used to estimate the probability and magnitude of effects to flocks of birds that frequent aldicarb-treated fields. One hundred thirty-five exposure scenarios were modeled that together include a range of bird species, crops, application methods and rates, and regions in the United States. The results indicated that, even for the most sensitive bird species, the risks associated with the agricultural use of granular aldicarb are negligible to low. There are several reasons for the limited risk: 1) the Temik formulation includes a gypsum core and a graphite coating and is black in color, all of which have been shown to be unattractive to birds, and 2) the pesticide is applied subsurface and rapidly dissolves following contact with water. The fact that no bird kill incidents involving appropriate label uses of aldicarb have been conclusively documented in the United States over its 38 years of use supports the results of this refined risk assessment.

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“…The active ingredient, which is a cholinesterase inhibitor, acted on different sites of voluntary and involuntary muscles, as described also by Schlinke (20). Birds which did not die -recovered, probably following the degradation of the active sulfoxide and sulfone metabolites in the muscles (13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its acute oral toxicity is 0.7-0.8 mg/kg for rats, and 9 mg/kg for chickens (3). It is readily absorbed from the intestine and metabolized by oxidative pathways (13,18). The sulfoxide and sulfone metabolites were found to be active inhibitors of cholinesterase at low doses (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The efficacy of seed treatment with aldicarb to establish conditioned aversion in birds to sprouting sugar beets

Benjamini

1981

Phytoparasitica

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The cotyledons and stems of sugar beet sprouts from seeds each treated with 8 mg Temik granules containing 0.8 mg aldicarb, were noxious to adult Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix) and to 3-week-old chickens of domestic fowl. Mortality rate, intensity of poisoning situation, and the time interval between feeding and appearance of poisoning signs, corresponded with the number of sprouts red. The taste of aldicarb residues in the sprouts was discriminable by the birds as well.

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Metabolism of aldicarb pesticide in laying hens

Cited by 17 publications

References 6 publications

Persistence and distribution of cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and fenvalerate in laying chickens

Persistence and distribution of cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and fenvalerate in laying chickens

Refined avian risk assessment for aldicarb in the United States

The efficacy of seed treatment with aldicarb to establish conditioned aversion in birds to sprouting sugar beets

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