Metabolism of a Plant Wax Paraffin (n-Nonacosane) in the Rat

Kolattukudy, P. E.; Hankin, Lester

doi:10.1093/jn/90.2.167

Cited by 52 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…A similar process is still to be demonstrated with alkanes of longer chain or in sheep or cattle, where in vivo results show that ruminal disappearance of alkanes is small, if any (Mayes et al, 1988;Ohajuruka and Palmquist, 1991). To this respect, Mayes et al (1988) indicated that C 32 was oxidized in sheep but they did not give any information about the place or the mechanism, proposing a similar process to that described for C 29 in rats by Kolattukudy and Hankin (1966), who demonstrated its transformation in the liver into n-17 lipids, cholesterol esters, di-and tri-glicerides and phospholipids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Although many species of bacteria and fungi may oxidize short-chain alkanes (Radwan and Sorkhoh, 1993;Sporman and Widdel, 2000), none has been isolated in the rumen (Ohajuruka and Palmquist, 1991 Published papers agree about the dietary origin of tissue n-alkanes in a variety of animal species Bories, 1975a and1975b;Di Muccio et al, 1984;Tejeda et al, 2001;Petró n et al, 2004) although only a few have dealt specifically with this matter in ruminants (Bartley et al, 1971;Mayes et al, 1988;Ohajuruka and Palmquist, 1991). In rats, radioactive 14 C 29 can be transformed in long-chain fatty acids, cholesterol esters, di-and tri-glicerides or phospholipids in the liver (Kolattukudy and Hankin, 1966). However, the potential for such processes occurring in the ruminants' foregut has not been explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro studies of the metabolism of [14C]-n-alkanes using ruminal fluid of sheep as substrate

Keli

Mayes²,

Vega

2008

Animal

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Whether the rumen microbes are able to synthesize and/or degrade long-chain alkanes in anaerobic conditions remains a question to be answered before these hydrocarbons can be confidently used as duodenal flow or rumen transit markers. In this context, an experiment in vitro was carried out to establish whether within a rumen liquor fermentation system, n-alkanes can be derived from de-waxed structures of the plant or from non-alkane wax components (long-chain fatty alcohols, long-chain fatty acids and esters), or may be metabolized by bacteria to other components or to shorter-chain hydrocarbons. Ryegrass was labelled with 14 C in growth chambers under controlled conditions in order to use it as a substrate. The labelled material obtained was separated in three fractions: labelled alkanes, labelled de-waxed plant and labelled wax components without the alkanes. These fractions were used for three different incubations in vitro, which objectives were as follows: 1. To check whether rumen bacteria can synthesize alkanes from carbon structures other than waxes (e.g. sugars). 2. To verify whether rumen bacteria can metabolize the n-alkanes to other compounds. 3. To check whether rumen bacteria can synthesize n-alkanes from other carbon compounds from waxes. The results showed that there was neither bacterial synthesis nor metabolism of the n-alkanes in in vitro conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro studies of the metabolism of [14C]-n-alkanes using ruminal fluid of sheep as substrate

Keli

Mayes²,

Vega

2008

Animal

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“…Total lipids were extracted from the incubation mixture by the method of Folch, Lees & Sloane-Stanley (1957) with a 2 + I (vlv) mixture of chloroform and methanol. After concentration, the extract was placed on a silica gel column (Kolattukudy, 1967;Kolattukudy & Hankin, 1966). The components were eluted successively with hexane, benzene and methanol (containing 10 yo of acetic acid).…”

Section: Organismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The medium-chain-length acids, primarily C17, derived from C2, paraffin are then incorporated mostly into phospholipids ; smaller quantities undergo reduction to the alcohol which in turn is esterified. In the rat, n-nonacosane underwent a similar oxidative degradation, resulting in primarily C,, acid which was incorporated into phospholipids and glycerides (Kolattukudy & Hankin, 1966).…”

Section: -3mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolism of a Plant Wax Paraffin (n-Nonacosane) by a Soil Bacterium (Micrococcus cerificans)

Hankin

Kolattukudy

1968

Journal of General Microbiology

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S U M M A R YLong-chain paraffins, such as nonacosane, reach the soil from plants and are degraded by micro-organisms. The ability of one soil organism, Micrococcus ceriJicans, to grow on cabbage paraffin (n-nonacosane) was studied. Unlike the pattern seen with hexadecane, waxy esters were not produced when nonacosane was the sole carbon source, but esters were formed when a cooxidation technique of "*C] n-nonacosane with hexadecane was employed. The alcohol and acid portions of the radioactive esters formed were primarily of chain length Cis, G7 and C18; neither nonacosanol nor nonacosanoic acid were detected. Thus the nonacosanol and nonacosanoic acid which might have been produced from n-nonacosane must have been oxidized to shorterchain compounds which in turn were incorporated into waxy esters as well as other lipids.

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Abnormaln-nonacosane storage in humans: Detection by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of tissue extracts

Rocchiccioli

Lageron

Duboucher

1987

Biol. Mass Spectrom.

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We report a case of n-nonacosane storage disease, which went undiagnosed until the death of a 55-year-old farmer. Clinical, histological, and biochemical features are discussed. n-Nonacosane storage was identified by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of different tissue extracts, n-nonacosane concentration reaching 1.2 mg g-1 of lung tissue and 0.32 mg g-1 of liver tissue. It was possible to rule out a work-induced intoxication, and n-nonacosane storage appeared to be accounted for by a lifelong, heavy consumption of unpeeled apples and Brussels sprouts.

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Metabolism of a Plant Wax Paraffin (n-Nonacosane) in the Rat

Cited by 52 publications

References 16 publications

In vitro studies of the metabolism of [14C]-n-alkanes using ruminal fluid of sheep as substrate

In vitro studies of the metabolism of [14C]-n-alkanes using ruminal fluid of sheep as substrate

Metabolism of a Plant Wax Paraffin (n-Nonacosane) by a Soil Bacterium (Micrococcus cerificans)

Abnormaln-nonacosane storage in humans: Detection by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of tissue extracts

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