Metabolism and Growth of Chickens Before and After Hatch in Relation to Incubation Temperatures

Geers, Rony; Michels, Hervé; Nackaerts, G; Konings, Femke

doi:10.3382/ps.0621869

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Sarpong and Reinhart (1985) suggested that embryos in cooled eggs have reduced heat production because of a reduced metabolic rates during the time of exposure to lower temperature, which may disrupt embryonic development, depending on age of the embryo and time of exposure (Moreng and Bryant, 1954). However, when the cooled eggs are returned to normal incubation temperature (37.5 C), compensatory metabolic rate occurs (Kuhn et al, 1982;Geers et al, 1983), and consequently, higher heat production. No compensatory metabolic rate is evident when the embryo is cooled around 18 d of incubation (Tazawa et al, 1988).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Low Temperature Effects on Embryonic Development and Hatch Time

et al. 1996

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A series of experiments was conducted to estimate phenotypic correlations between incubation characteristics, and to evaluate the effects of cold stress and genotype during incubation on chick weight, egg weight loss, hatching time, and embryonic mortality. Eggs were cooled at 18 or 24 C, for 12, 24, 36, 48, or 72 h beginning on Day 8, 12, 14, 16, or 18 of incubation. Other eggs were cooled intermittently for 6 h every 48 h or 12 h every 96 h. A control group in each experiment was not cold stressed. Results indicated a low and negative correlation between hatching time and chick weight, and a low and positive correlation between hatching time and weight loss from transfer to hatching when variability due to egg weight was removed. Chick weights at hatching were lower in chicks from cooled eggs than those of chicks from eggs incubated under normal temperature. The chicks from cooled eggs were more susceptible to dehydration during holding in the hatcher. Incubation times were delayed approximately as long as the times of embryonic cooling. Embryonic mortality was significantly increased under continuous (single period) cold stress, but not under intermittent cooling (6 h every 48 h). Significant genotype by environment interactions were found in the response of embryos of various strains to cold stress. Exposure for 36 h or longer had detrimental effects on chick weight and embryo viability, but these effects were modified by interactions among the factors involved. The results indicated that embryos from cooled eggs lose more weight during incubation and that the neonatal chicks are more susceptible to dehydration during holding time, and have a longer incubation period, and a greater embryonic mortality.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Low Temperature Effects on Embryonic Development and Hatch Time

et al. 1996

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“…In broilers, the appetite center in the hypothalamus is sensitive to adjustments during a period that may last for several weeks after hatch (Geers et al 1982). Geers et al (1983) suggested that compensatory growth occurred in chicks that had been cooled in the first period of incubation and were returned to the optimum incubation and rearing temperatures later on. This mechanism may explain the result found in the present study.…”

Section: Incubationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incubation and rearing temperature effects on Hsp70 levels and heat stress response in broilers

Givisiez¹,

Furlan²,

Malheiros³

et al. 2003

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Givisiez, P. E. N., Furlan, R. L., Malheiros, E. B. and Macari, M. 2003. Incubation and rearing temperature effects on Hsp70 levels and heat stress response in broilers. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 83: 213-220. Incubation temperature (IT) was changed to evaluate if 6-wk-old birds become more tolerant to heat stress. After 13 d of incubation, 470 eggs were submitted to low (36.8°C), normal (37.8°C) and high (38.8°C) temperatures. At day 7 post-hatching, 144 birds were allocated to three rearing temperatures (48 birds/treatment): control/thermoneutral (35-24°C), high (33-30°C) or low (27-18°C) according to the age of the birds. Hsp70 levels in tissues of birds (1 d and 42 d), stress response (42 d) and performance were evaluated. High IT decreased brain (P < 0.01) and liver (P < 0.01) Hsp70 levels, whereas low IT decreased brain (P < 0.01) but increased heart (P < 0.01) Hsp70 levels in 1-d-old chicks. Birds incubated at a low temperature had higher (P < 0.05) feed intake (1-42d). High rearing temperature decreased feed intake (P<0.01) and liveweight (P<0.01). Colonic temperature was lower in birds incubated at a low temperature (P < 0.05) and higher in birds reared in a high temperature (P < 0.05) before heat stress. Birds reared in low temperature had higher increase in colonic temperature after heat stress (P < 0.05). Tissue Hsp70 levels were differently affected by rearing temperature, which affected broiler performance more than IT. Lower IT seemed to increase the sensitivity of birds to heat stress at market age. Givisiez, P. E. N., Furlan, R. L., Malheiros, E. B. et Macari, M. 2003. La température d'incubation et d'élevage influe sur la concentration de Hsp70 et la réaction des poulets de chair au stress thermique. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 83: 213-220. Les auteurs ont modifié la température d'incubation (TI) pour déterminer si les oiseaux de six semaines toléreraient mieux le stress thermique. Après 13 jours d'incubation, 470 oeufs ont été gardés à une température plus basse (36,8 °C), normale (37,8 °C) ou plus haute (38,8 °C). Sept jours après l'éclosion, 144 poussins ont été répartis selon leur âge en trois groupes à température d'élevage (TE) différente (48 par traitement), soit température neutre (groupe témoin; de 35 à 24 °C), température élevée (de 33 à 30 °C) et faible température (de 27 à 18 °C). On a ensuite évalué la concentration de Hsp70 dans les tissus (1 er jour et 42 e jour), le stress thermique (42 e jour) et le rendement. Une TI élevée diminue la concentration de Hsp70 dans l'encéphale (P < 0,01) et le foie (P < 0,01), alors qu'une faible TI la réduit dans l'encéphale (P < 0,01) mais l'augmente dans le coeur (P < 0,01) des poussins d'un jour. L'incubation à faible température accroît (P < 0,01) la prise alimentaire des oiseaux (de 1 à 42 jours). Une haute température d'élevage, en revanche, la diminue (P < 0,01) ainsi que le poids vif (P < 0,01). Avant le stress thermique, la température dans le côlon est plus basse chez les oiseaux couvés à basse température (P < 0,05) et plus élevée chez ceux élevés à ha...

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“…During incubation, abnormal temperatures affect bone (23), muscle (4), and organ (5) development and embryo development, chick quality (15,16,24) and broiler growth performance (17). Between days 10 and 18 of incubation, higher setter temperature resulted in a decrease in slaughter and carcass weight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research has clearly shown that higher temperatures during certain incubation periods have negative impacts on organ development (14), embryo development, chick quality (15,16), and broiler growth performance (17). However, research investigating the effects of abnormal incubation temperatures on slaughter weight, carcass yield, and meat quality is limited (18,19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of high setter and hatcher temperatures during incubation on slaughter weight and carcass yield in broilers

İpek¹,

Sözcü²

2015

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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This study was carried out with the aim of determining the effects of higher setter and hatcher temperatures on slaughter weight and carcass yield. In experiment 1, setter temperatures were applied as control (37.8-38.2 °C) and high (38.9-40.0 °C) between days 10 and 18 during incubation. In experiment 2, hatcher temperatures were applied as control (36.8-37.0 °C) and high (38.8-39.0 °C) during the hatching period. A total of 240 chicks from each experiment were randomly selected after the hatching process was complete. At the end of the growing period, a total of 120 broilers from each experiment were weighed and slaughtered at 42 days of age. The carcass weight was lower in the higher temperature groups in both experiments. In the higher setter temperature group, the breast weight was lower with a value of 981.4 g, but the percentage of breast was higher with a value of 45.59%. In experiment 2, the weight and the percentage of breast was similar in the control and high hatcher temperature groups. In conclusion, slaughter weight and carcass yield are affected by higher setter and hatcher temperatures.

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Metabolism and Growth of Chickens Before and After Hatch in Relation to Incubation Temperatures

Cited by 20 publications

References 9 publications

Low Temperature Effects on Embryonic Development and Hatch Time

Low Temperature Effects on Embryonic Development and Hatch Time

Incubation and rearing temperature effects on Hsp70 levels and heat stress response in broilers

The effects of high setter and hatcher temperatures during incubation on slaughter weight and carcass yield in broilers

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