Metabolism and functions of polyamines

Ahmed, Nizamuddin

doi:10.1016/0307-4412(87)90037-9

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Further, in the glutathione metabolism the ornithine decarboxylase shows higher expression possibly leading to an increased production of the polyamines putrescine and spermidine. Their concentration is increased during growth and high metabolic activity and elevates the rates of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis (Ahmed, 1987) indicating growth.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive transcriptome analysis provides new insights into nutritional strategies and phylogenetic relationships of chrysophytes

Beißer

Graupner

Böck

et al. 2017

PeerJ

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BackgroundChrysophytes are protist model species in ecology and ecophysiology and important grazers of bacteria-sized microorganisms and primary producers. However, they have not yet been investigated in detail at the molecular level, and no genomic and only little transcriptomic information is available. Chrysophytes exhibit different trophic modes: while phototrophic chrysophytes perform only photosynthesis, mixotrophs can gain carbon from bacterial food as well as from photosynthesis, and heterotrophs solely feed on bacteria-sized microorganisms. Recent phylogenies and megasystematics demonstrate an immense complexity of eukaryotic diversity with numerous transitions between phototrophic and heterotrophic organisms. The question we aim to answer is how the diverse nutritional strategies, accompanied or brought about by a reduction of the plasmid and size reduction in heterotrophic strains, affect physiology and molecular processes.ResultsWe sequenced the mRNA of 18 chrysophyte strains on the Illumina HiSeq platform and analysed the transcriptomes to determine relations between the trophic mode (mixotrophic vs. heterotrophic) and gene expression. We observed an enrichment of genes for photosynthesis, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism for phototrophic and mixotrophic strains that can perform photosynthesis. Genes involved in nutrient absorption, environmental information processing and various transporters (e.g., monosaccharide, peptide, lipid transporters) were present or highly expressed only in heterotrophic strains that have to sense, digest and absorb bacterial food. We furthermore present a transcriptome-based alignment-free phylogeny construction approach using transcripts assembled from short reads to determine the evolutionary relationships between the strains and the possible influence of nutritional strategies on the reconstructed phylogeny. We discuss the resulting phylogenies in comparison to those from established approaches based on ribosomal RNA and orthologous genes. Finally, we make functionally annotated reference transcriptomes of each strain available to the community, significantly enhancing publicly available data on Chrysophyceae.ConclusionsOur study is the first comprehensive transcriptomic characterisation of a diverse set of Chrysophyceaen strains. In addition, we showcase the possibility of inferring phylogenies from assembled transcriptomes using an alignment-free approach. The raw and functionally annotated data we provide will prove beneficial for further examination of the diversity within this taxon. Our molecular characterisation of different trophic modes presents a first such example.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive transcriptome analysis provides new insights into nutritional strategies and phylogenetic relationships of chrysophytes

Beißer

Graupner

Böck

et al. 2017

PeerJ

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“…They bind to negatively charged cellular macromolecules such as nucleic acids and phospholipids and are essential for normal growth and development in a broad range of organisms 28 . Putrescine, spermidine and spermine are simple aliphatic primary amines and essential constituents of eukaryotic cells 29 . Some evidence showed that a certain amount of polyamine could either enhance or suppress the growth of mycelia and sclerotia formation in some fungi.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of polyamine on growth, intermediates and 2‐acetyl‐1‐pyrroline formation by Aspergillus awamori

Wongsadee

Vatanyoopaisarn

Rungsardthong

et al. 2021

Flavour & Fragrance J

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2‐acetyl‐1‐pyrroline (2AP) is a typical food flavour found in aromatic rice, pandan leaf and coconut. Though the extraction from pandan leaf can be made, the amount obtained was low. This research showed the potential 2AP production by Aspergillus awamori and the enhancement occurred in the presence of polyamine supplement. Using different nitrogen sources (2 g/L of putrescine or ammonium sulphate) did not affect cell growth, but existence of putrescine was essential for 2AP production. In addition, supplying polyamine (20 mg/L of spermine, spermidine or putrescine) after 24 h of primary growth led to significant enhancement of cell growth as well as 2AP formation. The dry weight was 7.4 and 6.9 g/L and amount of 2AP was 4.50 and 3.08 mg/L when spermine or spermidine, respectively, was added. As compared to the control, only 6.2 g/L dry weight and 1.51 mg/L 2AP was detected. In contrast, the same medium using ammonium sulphate as the sole N‐source did not produce 2AP. Only when a polyamine (spermine, spermidine or putrescine) was supplied, then small detectable amounts of 2AP were found (1.06, 0.67 and 0.31 mg/L). Furthermore, putrescine was measurable in mycelial cells grown in the medium adding only spermine or spermidine without putrescine, indicating that spermine or spermidine can be converted into putrescine intracellularly. In vitro reaction between crude enzyme, extracted from mycelia, and individual precursors showed that 2AP occurred in the presence of each polyamine. Likewise, 1‐pyrroline was observed as an intermediate for 2AP production, while putrescine was an intermediate found in the reaction flask where the substrate was spermine or spermidine. Thus, in A awamori, polyamine addition resulted in higher production of 2AP.

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“…AMINES are important compounds formed by decarboxylation of amino acids as a consequence of metabolic processes in a wide variety of organisms ranging from bacteria to plants and animals (Tarján and Jánossy, 1978) and have important physiological functions (Ahmed, 1987;Tiburcio et al, 1990). Biogenic amines are naturally present at low concentrations in many foods but do not constitute any hazard for human consumption except for patients using monoamine oxidase inhibitor drugs (Tarján and Jánossy, 1978).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogenic Polyamines Affect Activity of Aminopeptidase B and Alanyl Aminopeptidase from Porcine Skeletal Muscle

Flores

Aristoy

Toldrá

1996

Journal of Food Science

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The effect of biogenic polyamines (agmatine, cadaverine, putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) on the activity of pork muscle aminopeptidase and alanyl aminopeptidase was investigated. Agmatine (5 mM) showed a powerful inhibitory effect for both enzymes (more than 50% inhibition). Cadaverine and less intensely putrescine showed similar inhibitory effects for both enzymes. All assayed polyamines inhibited activity of both aminopeptidases except spermine and spermidine which did not affect aminopeptidase B. Thus, one of these inhibitors could be used to avoid the interference of alanyl aminopeptidase when assaying aminopeptidase B in muscle extracts.

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Metabolism and functions of polyamines

Cited by 6 publications

References 26 publications

Comprehensive transcriptome analysis provides new insights into nutritional strategies and phylogenetic relationships of chrysophytes

Comprehensive transcriptome analysis provides new insights into nutritional strategies and phylogenetic relationships of chrysophytes

Effect of polyamine on growth, intermediates and 2‐acetyl‐1‐pyrroline formation by Aspergillus awamori

Biogenic Polyamines Affect Activity of Aminopeptidase B and Alanyl Aminopeptidase from Porcine Skeletal Muscle

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