Metabolism and Excretion of Methylamines in Rats

Smith, Jack L.; Wishnok, John S.; Deen, William M.

doi:10.1006/taap.1994.1076

Cited by 106 publications

(100 citation statements)

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“…Trimethylamine is derived from intestinal degradation of food components such as choline and carnitine by the microbiota (39,40). Previous research reported increased phenylacetylglycine in rat urine in the case of drug-induced phospholipidsosis (41) and triggered by microbial infection (42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabonomic investigations in mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni : An approach for biomarker identification

Wang

Holmes

Nicholson

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

278

289

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asis. Using a Schistosoma mansoni-mouse model, we present a characterization of a parasitic infection by metabolic profiling, employing 1 H NMR spectroscopy and multivariate pattern recognition techniques. We infected 10 mice with 80 S. mansoni cercariae each and collected urine samples 49 and 56 days postinfection. Urine samples were also obtained from 10 uninfected control mice at the same time. The metabolic signature of an S. mansoni infection consists of reduced levels of the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, including citrate, succinate, and 2-oxoglutarate, and increased levels of pyruvate, suggesting stimulated glycolysis. A disturbance of amino acid metabolism was also associated with an S. mansoni infection, as indicated by depletion of taurine, 2-oxoisocaproate, and 2-oxoisovalerate and elevation of tryptophan in the urine. A range of microbial-related metabolites, i.e., trimethylamine, phenylacetylglycine, acetate, p-cresol glucuronide, butyrate, propionate, and hippurate, were also coupled with an S. mansoni infection, indicating disturbances in the gut microbiota. Our work highlights the potential of metabolic profiling to enhance our understanding of biological responses to parasitic infections. It also holds promise as a basis for novel diagnostic tests with high sensitivity and specificity and for improved disease surveillance and control.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabonomic investigations in mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni : An approach for biomarker identification

Wang

Holmes

Nicholson

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

278

289

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“…41,42 Choline metabolism is a complex host-symbiont molecular interaction which involves both mammalian and symxenobiotic (metabolite with dietary and/or gut microbiota origin) metabolic pathways. 16 Although vancomycin treatment did not significantly alter the choline and methylamine content of fecal extracts, a trend towards decreased levels of choline in fecal water from vancomycintreated mice was observed at day 1 postdosing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, methylamines are known to be cometabolized by the host and the gut microbiota in the large intestine. 42 Bacterial fermentation of carbohydrates in the cecum and the large intestine leads to the production of SCFAs and lactic acid depending on the bacterial strains involved. [43][44][45][46] We observed lower amounts of fecal acetate, n-butyrate, propionate and lactate, and increased quantities of fecal oligosaccharides in mice treated with vancomycin compared to controls (Table 1), suggesting disruption in carbohydrate fermentation due to vancomycin-induced changes in gut microbial populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabonomic and Microbiological Analysis of the Dynamic Effect of Vancomycin-Induced Gut Microbiota Modification in the Mouse

et al. 2008

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The effects of the antibiotic vancomycin (2 × 100 mg/kg/day) on the gut microbiota of female mice (outbred NMRI strain) were studied, in order to assess the relative contribution of the gut microbiome to host metabolism. The host's metabolic phenotype was characterized using 1 H NMR spectroscopy of urine and fecal extract samples. Time-course changes in the gut microbiotal community after administration of vancomycin were monitored using 16S rRNA gene PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) analysis and showed a strong effect on several species, mostly within the Firmicutes. Vancomycin treatment was associated with fecal excretion of uracil, amino acids and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), highlighting the contribution of the gut microbiota to the production and metabolism of these dietary compounds. Clear differences in gut microbial communities between control and antibiotic-treated mice were observed in the current study. Reduced urinary excretion of gut microbial co-metabolites phenylacetylglycine and hippurate was also observed. Regression of urinary hippurate and phenylacetylglycine concentrations against the fecal metabolite profile showed a strong association between these urinary metabolites and a wide range of fecal metabolites, including amino acids and SCFAs. Fecal choline was inversely correlated with urinary hippurate. Metabolic profiling, coupled with the metagenomic study of this antibiotic model, illustrates the close inter-relationship between the host and microbial "metabotypes", and will provide a basis for further experiments probing the understanding of the microbial-mammalian metabolic axis.

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“…On the basis of studies in Weddell seals, we have identifi ed two suitable compounds, arsenobetaine (AsB) and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) (Eisert, 2003;Eisert et al, 2005). Both are specifi c to, and apparently ubiquitous in, marine prey yet are neither stored nor synthesized by higher vertebrates and in mammals are eliminated rapidly from the circulation following ingestion (Edmonds and Francesconi, 1977Yancey et al, 1982;Vahter et al, 1983;Al-Waiz et al, 1987Van Waarde, 1988;Cullen and Reimer, 1989;Brown et al, 1990;Shibata et al, 1992;Smith et al, 1994;Svensson et al, 1994;Zhang et al, 1999;Lehmann et al, 2001). The biomarker method provides information on recent food intake within a timescale of hours to days, in contrast to fatty acid signatures or stable isotopes in fl uids or tissue samples, which integrate food intake over a period of months (Iverson et al, 1997a(Iverson et al, , 1997bBrown et al, 1999).…”

Section: Monitoring Food Consumption During the Lactation Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capital Expenditure and Income (Foraging) during Pinniped Lactation: The Example of the Weddell Seal (Leptonychotes weddellii)

Eisert¹,

Oftedal²

2009

Smithsonian at the Poles : Contributions to International Polar Year Science

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Metabolism and Excretion of Methylamines in Rats

Cited by 106 publications

References 0 publications

Metabonomic investigations in mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni : An approach for biomarker identification

Metabonomic investigations in mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni : An approach for biomarker identification

Metabonomic and Microbiological Analysis of the Dynamic Effect of Vancomycin-Induced Gut Microbiota Modification in the Mouse

Capital Expenditure and Income (Foraging) during Pinniped Lactation: The Example of the Weddell Seal (Leptonychotes weddellii)

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