Metabolism and Disposition of Glycol Ethers

Rr, Miller

doi:10.3109/03602538708998298

Cited by 36 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…These effects are associated with certain glycol ethers such as ethoxyethanol, ethoxymethanol, butoxyethanol or PGME-b. This can be explained by the fact that they are metabolised by alcohol dehydrogenase into the corresponding alkoxyacetic acid, the active metabolite [5,7]. In contrast, PGME-a and related glycol ethers that are not primary alcohols do not give rise to alkoxyacetic acid metabolites [7,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The studies on the metabolism of PGME-a in rats have shown that the majority (about 60%) of the absorbed dose of PGME-a is excreted in expired air as CO 2 , while about 20% of the dose is excreted in urine as 1,2-propanediol (about 4% of the total dose), as unchanged PGME (about 2% of the total dose) or in greater proportion as conjugated PGME (sulphate and glucuronide conjugates; about 15% of the total dose) [7,9,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This can be explained by the fact that they are metabolised by alcohol dehydrogenase into the corresponding alkoxyacetic acid, the active metabolite [5,7]. In contrast, PGME-a and related glycol ethers that are not primary alcohols do not give rise to alkoxyacetic acid metabolites [7,9]. The principal fields of use of propylene glycol ethers such as PGME-a concern inks, varnishes and paintings [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Propylene glycol monomethyl ether occupational exposure. 3. Exposure of human volunteers

Devanthéry¹,

Berode²,

Droz³

2002

IAOEH

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Propylene glycol monomethyl ether occupational exposure. 3. Exposure of human volunteers

Devanthéry¹,

Berode²,

Droz³

2002

IAOEH

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“…EAA was not included in the test set. The major route of metabolism of glycol ethers and derivatives is oxidation via the alcohol/aldehyde dehydrogenase pathway [21]. The fact that almost every glycol ether or glycol ether derivative tested negative in the ReProGlo assay (with the only exception of diethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, which shows unspecific results) suggests that ES cells lack the respective dehydrogenase activities.…”

Section: False Negativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of embryotoxic potential using the ReProGlo stem cell-based Wnt reporter assay

Uibel¹,

Schwarz²

2015

Reproductive Toxicology

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“…The toxicity of propylene glycol monomethyl ether-a (PGME-a, CAS number 107-98-2) and propylene glycol monomethyl ether-b (PGME-b, CAS number 1320-67 -8) and the way they are metabolised have been studied in rats by Miller et al [7,8,9,10]. These studies have shown that the majority (approximately 60%) of the absorbed dose of PGME-a is excreted in expired air as CO 2 , while approximately 20% of the dose is excreted in urine as 1, 2-propanediol, as unchanged PGME-a or in greater proportion as conjugated PGME-a (sulphate and glucuronide conjugates) [7,9,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Propylene glycol monomethyl ether occupational exposure (PGME). 4. Analysis of 2-methoxypropionic acid in urine

Devanthéry¹,

Berode²,

Droz³

et al. 2003

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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Objective: The two isomers propylene glycol monomethyl ether [PGME-a (1-methoxy-2-propanol, M2P) and PGME-b (2-methoxy-1-propanol)] have different toxicities due to the different ways they are metabolised. The higher toxicity of PGME-b has been attributed to the formation of 2-methoxypropionic acid (2-MPA) as a metabolite of primary alcohol. Six healthy male volunteers were exposed to PGME-a vapour (15, 50 and 95 ppm) with and without respiratory protection for 6 h, including a 30-min break. They were also exposed to PGME-a liquid (10% or 30% in water), via one hand, for 30 min or 1 h. Commercial products of M2P always contain a small quantity of the b isomer, and GC analysis has shown that the product used for this human volunteer exposure contained approximately 0.3% of the b isomer. The objective of this study was to determine the levels of 2-MPA in urine after these exposures to 99.7% PGME-a. Method: An analytical method developed by Laitinen [6] was used for the determination of 2-MPA in the urine of exposed volunteers. Results: End exposure levels of 2-MPA were found to reach from 1.19 to 3.29 mg/l for inhalation and dermal exposure to PGME-a vapour and from under the detection limit to 2.10 mg/l for exposure of one hand in PGME-a liquid. 2-MPA concentrations in urine samples from a nonexposed person or from a person exposed to PGME-a vapour at 15 ppm (inhalation and dermal exposure) and also from a person exposed to PGME-a vapour up to 95 ppm with respiratory protection (dermal-only exposure) all varied from under the detection limit to 0.30 mg/l and are then not significant.

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Metabolism and Disposition of Glycol Ethers

Cited by 36 publications

References 30 publications

Propylene glycol monomethyl ether occupational exposure. 3. Exposure of human volunteers

Propylene glycol monomethyl ether occupational exposure. 3. Exposure of human volunteers

Prediction of embryotoxic potential using the ReProGlo stem cell-based Wnt reporter assay

Propylene glycol monomethyl ether occupational exposure (PGME). 4. Analysis of 2-methoxypropionic acid in urine

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